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biology quiz

vocab

TermDefinition
atom the basic unit of matter
nucleus the center of the atom
electron a negatively charged particle with 1/1840 the mass of a proton
proton positively charged particles
neutron non-charged particles
element a pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom
molecule smallest unit of most compounds
compound a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions
covalent bond type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared
ionic bond formed when two or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another
cohesion an attraction between molecules of the same substance
ion positively and negatively charged atoms
adhesion an attraction between molecules of different substances
polar a molecule with an uneven charge distribution (one side positive, the other negative) ex. water
solution type of mixture in which all the components are evenly distributed
solute the substance that is dissolved
solvent the substance in which the solute dissolves
suspension mixtures of water and no dissolved material
pH scale with values from 0-14 used to measure the concentration of H+ ions in solutions
acid any compound that forms H+ ions in solutions
base a compound that produces hydroxide ions in solutions
buffer weak acids or bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sudden changes in pH
monomer small chemical unit that makes up a polymer
polymer molecules composed of many monomers; makes up macromolecules
carbohydrate compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
monosaccharide single sugar molecules
polysaccharide long chain of sugar molecules
lipid macromolecule made mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms
nucleic acid macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus
nucleotide subunit of which nucleic acids are composed; made up if a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
protein macromoleculess that contain mainly nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
animo acid compunds with an animo group (-NH2) on one end and a carboxyl group(-COOH) on the other end
 

 



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