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HBS brain vocab
HBS Brain Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cerebrum | The largest part of the brain; responsible for thinking, memory, emotions, and voluntary movement. |
| Cerebellum | Controls balance, coordination, and smooth muscle movements. |
| Brain Stem | Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic life functions |
| Pons | Part of the brain stem that helps control breathing and sleep. |
| Medulla Oblongata | Part of the brain stem that controls heart rate, breathing, and blood pressure. |
| Parietal Lobe | Processes touch, temperature, pain, and spatial awareness. |
| Occipital Lobe | Responsible for vision and visual processing. |
| Frontal Lobe | Controls decision-making, personality, speech, and voluntary movement. |
| Temporal Lobe | Processes hearing, memory, and language |
| Motor Cortex | Area of the frontal lobe that controls voluntary muscle movements. |
| Sensory Cortex | Area of the parietal lobe that processes sensory information. |
| Corpus Callosum | Thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain. |
| Pituitary Gland | “Master gland” that releases hormones controlling other endocrine glands. |
| Thalamus | Relays sensory information to the appropriate parts of the brain. |
| Hypothalamus | Maintains homeostasis by regulating body temperature, hunger, thirst, and hormones. |
| Hippocampus | Responsible for learning and forming new memories. |
| Wernicke’s Area | A region of the brain (left temporal lobe) responsible for understanding spoken and written language. |
| Broca’s Area | A region of the brain (left frontal lobe) that controls speech production and the ability to form words. |
| Spinal Cord | A long bundle of nerves that runs from the brain down the back, carrying messages between the brain and the rest of the body |
| Gyrus / Gyri | A raised fold on the surface of the brain that increases surface area for processing information. |
| Sulcus / Sulci | A groove or indentation between gyri on the brain that helps separate different regions. |
| Amygdala | A small structure in the limbic system involved in emotions, especially fear, anger, and emotional memories. |
| Olfactory Bulbs | Structures at the front of the brain that receive and process smell information from the nose. |
| Limbic System | A group of brain structures involved in emotion, behavior, motivation, and memory. |
| Pineal Gland | A small gland in the brain that produces melatonin and helps regulate sleep–wake cycles. |
| Midbrain | Part of the brainstem that controls eye movement, vision, hearing, and motor control. |
| Central Nervous System (CNS) | The part of the nervous system made up of the brain and spinal cord; it processes information and controls responses |
| Brain | The control center of the body that interprets sensory information, controls movement, thinking, memory, and emotion. |
| Spinal Cord | A long bundle of nerves that runs through the spine and carries messages between the brain and the rest of the body; also controls reflexes |
| Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord; connects the CNS to muscles, organs, and sensory receptors. |
| Brachial Plexus | A network of nerves in the shoulder region that supplies movement and sensation to the arm and hand. |
| Ulnar Nerve | A nerve that runs along the inner arm to the hand; controls feeling in the ring and pinky fingers and some hand muscles. |
| Radial Nerve | A nerve that runs along the back of the arm; controls movement and sensation in the back of the arm, forearm, and hand. |
| Median Nerve | A nerve that runs through the arm and wrist; controls thumb movement and sensation in the thumb, index, and middle fingers. |
| Sciatic Nerve | The largest nerve in the body; runs from the lower back through the hips and down each leg, controlling leg movement and sensation |
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