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Stack #4593609
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Traditional agriculture | farming using old methods without modern machines or chemicals. Uses little fossil fuel but grows less food. |
| Industrialized agriculture | big, high-tech farming that grows a lot of food fast. |
| Green Revolution | A farming change starting around 1950 that greatly increased food production. |
| Green Revolution methods | Machines, monocultures (one crop), irrigation, fertilizers, and pesticides. |
| Green Revolution benefits | More food for people and less need to clear new land. |
| Green Revolution problems | Pollution, soil damage, water shortages, and less biodiversity. |
| How much land is used for food? | About 38% of Earth’s land. |
| Where food comes from | Plants (77%), livestock land (16%), seafood farms (7%) |
| Main grains we eat | Wheat, rice, and corn. |
| How grains are used | Mostly eaten by people, then animals, and some for fuel and plastics. |
| Sustainable agriculture | Farming that protects soil, water, and wildlife for the future. |
| What is soil? | A mix of rocks, dead plants, water, air, and living things. It forms very slowly. |
| How soil forms | Rocks break down by wind, water, chemicals, and living organisms. |
| Why soil matters | It holds plants in place, stores water, and provides nutrients. |
| Soil layers top | O horizon (dead plants) |
| Soil layers 2nd | A horizon (topsoil) |
| Soil layers 3rd | B (subsoil), |
| Soil layers 4th | c horizon |
| Soil layers last | R (bedrock). |
| Soil particle sizes clay | tiny |
| Soil particle sizes silt | medium |
| Soil particle sizes sand | large |
| Best soil for farming | Loam—an even mix of sand, silt, and clay. |
| Irrigation | Adding water to crops when rain is not enough. |
| Irrigation types most to least efficient | drip (most) sprinkler (middle) flooding (least) |
| Inorganic fertilizers | Man-made fertilizers that work fast but can wash away easily. |
| Organic fertilizers | Natural fertilizers like manure and compost. |
| Too much fertilizer causes | Water pollution and algae blooms that kill fish. |
| Soil degradation | When soil becomes less healthy and less productive. |
| Soil erosion | Soil being blown or washed away. |
| Causes of erosion | Too much farming, grazing, tree cutting, and climate change. |
| Ways to protect soil | Crop rotation, plowing along hills, terraces, no-till farming, and cover crops. |
| Food security | Having reliable access to enough healthy food. |
| Why people lack food | Poverty, war, and uneven food distribution. |
| Undernutrition | Not eating enough calories. |
| Malnutrition | Not getting enough vitamins or minerals. |
| Overnutrition | Eating too many calories. |
| CAFOs | Large animal farms that raise most U.S. meat. |
| CAFO pros | cheap, efficient meat |
| CAFO cons | pollution, disease, and greenhouse gases. |
| Aquaculture | Farming fish and seafood. |
| Aquaculture pros | more seafood |
| Aquaculture cons | disease and habitat damage. |
| Pesticides | Chemicals used to kill pests like insects and weeds. |
| Problems with pesticides | Can harm helpful species, pollinators, and people |
| Pesticide resistance | Pests evolve so chemicals stop working. |
| GMOs | scientist that changes a living thing DNA to make it better Tomatoes that last longer |
| Organic farming | Farming without synthetic chemicals or growth hormones. |
| The swordfish has a MSC certification label on it what does this mean | The fish comes from a facility that fall sustainable fishing practices |
| How does soil affect water retention | -Soil with more clay retains more water |
| A large scale farming operation that practices monocultures is what | Industrial farming |
| What is monoculture in agriculture | The practice of growing a single type of crop over a large area |
| what is monoculture | growing one crop over a huge area.. One type, everywhere exA huge field where only corn is grown, and nothing else, year after year. |
| What is GMO | Genetically modified organism |
| What would be address with contour plowing | Soil erosion |
| What percentage of the worlds seafood supply is is currently sourced from aquaculture | 50% |
| What is the primary benefit of using cover crops in agriculture? | To improve soil, fertility and prevent erosion |
| Sustainable agriculture | farming in a way that takes care of the environment, people, and future crops at the same time. Grow food today without hurting the ability to grow food tomorrow. |
| How can crop rotation help in managing pesticide resistance? | Switching crops makes it harder for pests to survive and become resistant. |
| Which practice helps in reducing water usage and agriculture | Drip irrigation |
| The most efficient method of irrigation is | drip |
| center pivot irrigation | type of farming system used to water crops. |
| What is the primary purpose of center pivot irrigation? | water crops efficiently and evenly over a large, circular field. |
| what is is a benefit of using organic farming methods | Improve soil health and biodiversity |
| What is a soil profile? | different layers of soil you see if you dig down |
| what type of agriculture relies on human and animal labor. | Traditional agriculture |
| This type of agriculture produces 80% of the world supply | 80% |
| Eutrophication | hen a body of water (like a lake or river) gets too many nutrients, usually from fertilizers. |
| Raising fish in a controlled environment is also known as | Aquaculture |
| What is pesticide resistance | when pests (like insects or weeds) stop being killed by a pesticide. Pests “get used to” the chemical and survive it. |
| a common cause of under nutrition | Inadequate access to food |
| Erosion is most likely when the soil is | Bare and exposed to wind and rain |
| hat is a potential disadvantage of monoculture farming | Decrease soil fertility overtime |
| Which of the following chemicals is used by farmers to protect their crops from pest | pesticides |
| Agriculture that features large numbers of animals in a small area with corn or other feeds being shipped in rather than pasture | CAFO |
| How does soil texture affect water retention | Soil with more clay, retains more water |
| contour plowing | drawing lines along a hill to keep the soil in place. |
| Which of the following would be addressed with contour plowing? | soil erosion |
| What is the primary purpose of furrow and flood irrigation? | To create trenches that are flooded with water to provide adequate moisture for the crops |
| What is the primary purpose of contour farming | To reduce soil, erosion by farming with row patterns that run nearly level around the hill |
| Which soil texture is best for growing most plants | Loamy soil |
| What are the three main components of soil texture? | Sand, silt, and clay |
| No-till agriculture | way of farming where farmers don’t plow the soil before planting. |
| Which soil horizon is primarily composed a organic material and is often referred to as topsoil | A horizon |
| What is a common reason farmers choose monoculture | grow a lot of one crop easily and make more money. |
| The ultimate aim of agriculture development is to increase | food security |
| What is the primary purpose of drip irrigation? | o make water use for crops, more efficient by applying water through a slow dripping hose |
| What percentage of the world seafood supply is currently sourced from aquaculture | 50% |
| furrow irrigation | Water flows in small channels (furrows) between crop rows |
| flood irrigation | Water covers the entire field and soaks into the soil. |
| community agriculture | People in a community farm together and share the food and benefits |
| drip irrigation | way of watering plants slowly, drop by drop, right at their roots. |
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