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chapter 2
minerals and rocks
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mineral | a natural occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal like structure and a definite chemical composition. |
| inorganic | not formed from living things or the remains of living things |
| crystal | a solid in which the atoms are arranged in a pattern that repeats again and again |
| streak | the color of a minerals powder |
| luster | the way minerals reflects light from its surface. |
| Mohs hardness scale | a scale ranking ten minerals from softest to hardest; used in testing the hardness of minerals |
| cleavage | a minerals ability to split easily along flat surfaces. |
| fracture | the way a mineral looks when it breaks apart in an irregular way;a break in a bone |
| geode | a hollow rock inside which mineral crystals have grown |
| crystallization | the process by which atoms are arranged to form a material with a crystal structure. |
| solution | a mixture containing a solvent and at least one solute that has the same properties throughout; a mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. |
| vein | a narrow deposit of a mineral that is sharply different from the surrounding rock; a blood vessel that carries blood to the heart. |
| rock-forming mineral | any of the common minerals that make up most of the rocks on Earth's crust. |
| granite | a usually light colored igneous rock that is found in continental crust. |
| basalt | a dark,dense, igneous rock with a fine texture, found in oceanic crust. |
| grain | the particles of minerals or other rocks that give a rock its texture. |
| texture | the look and feel of a rocks surface, determined by the size, shape, and pattern of the rocks grains. |
| igneous rock | a type of rock that forms from cooling of molten rock at or blow the surface. |
| sedimentary rock | a type of rock that forms when particles from other rocks or the remains of plants and animals are pressed and cemented together. |
| metamorphic rock | a type of rock that forms from an existing rock that is changed by heat, pressure, or chemical reactions. |
| extrusive rock | igneous rock that forms from lava on Earth's surface. |
| intrusive rock | igneous rock that forms when magma hardens beneath the Earth's surface. |
Created by:
mia kovalchik