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wk 13 study guide
week 12+
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the primary function of the digestive system? | To prepare nutrients for absorption and use by the body’s cells. |
| Why can most food not be used by body cells immediately after being eaten? | Because it cannot pass through the intestinal mucosa into the bloodstream and is not in a usable chemical form. |
| What two types of changes must food undergo before it can be absorbed? | Physical (mechanical) and chemical changes. |
| What is digestion? | The complete process of altering the physical and chemical composition of ingested food so it can be absorbed and used by body cells. |
| What structure must nutrients pass through to enter the bloodstream? | The intestinal mucosa. |
| What happens if food is not properly digested? | Nutrients cannot be absorbed or used by body cells. |
| What performs the process of digestion? | The digestive tract and accessory digestive organs working together. |
| What is the role of the digestive tract? | To physically and chemically break down food for absorption. |
| Why is digestion considered a complex process? | Because it involves multiple organs and both mechanical and chemical modifications of food. |
| What is the ultimate goal of digestion? | To allow nutrients to be absorbed into the bloodstream and used by body cells. |
| What is a more accurate description of the urinary system than just a “urine producer”? | A blood plasma balancer. |
| What is the primary role of the kidneys in blood regulation? | To process incoming blood plasma so it leaves the kidney in better condition. |
| How does the urinary system help maintain fluid balance? | By adjusting water content so the body does not have too much or too little water |
| Which important ions are regulated by the urinary system? | Sodium and potassium |
| Why is sodium and potassium regulation important? | To maintain set-point levels necessary for normal cellular and physiological function. |
| How does the urinary system help regulate blood pH? | By altering the composition of blood plasma to match the pH set-point level. |
| What is homeostasis? | The maintenance of a stable internal environment within normal limits. |
| Why is the urinary system essential beyond urine production? | Because it maintains the stability of the body’s internal fluid environment. |