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psych
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the three criteria of abnormal behavior | Deviant 2- Distressing 3- Maladaptive |
| What is the normality-abnormality continuumin? | NORMAL AND ABNORMAL ARE NOT TWO DISTINCT CATERGORIES |
| supernatural | caused by supernatural forces such as evil spirets, demonic possession, surces, devine punishment. |
| medical | Biological problems in the body or brain |
| biopsychosocial | Interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors |
| Diagnosis- | Identification of an disorder |
| Etiology | Cause or origin of a disorder |
| Prognosis | Predicted course and outcome of a disorder |
| Epidermiology- | How often disorders occur |
| Lifetime prevalence | Percentage of people who develop a disorder at any point in their life |
| DSM IV | Precise organization and definition of psychological disorders ( focused of diagnosis not etiology) |
| Psychological disorders | clinical/ long term |
| Insanity- | A long term not psychological diagnosis, (used in court to determine criminal responsibility) |
| Anxiety | Exessive feelings of tension, fear, anxiety, worry, inability to cope |
| Panic- | Overwhelming anxiety that occurs suddenly, unexpecdelty. A fear like response with no rational trigger,( may lead to agoraphobia.) |
| Phobic- | Irrational fear of some object or event. |
| Obsessions | Persistant, uncontrollable intrusions of unwanted thoughts |
| Compulsions | Urges to engage in senseless rituals |
| Dissociative amnesia | Memory loss for important personal information ( related to trauma or extreme stress) |
| Dissociative fugue | Involves sudden travel away from home and confusion about personal identity ( A person travails to another city and does not remember who they are) |
| Dissociative identity disorder- | A person exhibits two or more distinct and altering personalities |
| Somatoperm- | APPARENT psychosocial illness with no organic basis NOT psychosomatic, which is a REAL psychical illness largely caused by psychological factors such as stress and anxiety NOT malingering ( Faking) |
| Hypochondriasis- | Excessive worry about developing an illness |
| Conversion disorder- | Loss of physical function with no organic basis |
| Depression- | Emotional, Cognitive, Behavioral, Physical |
| Dysthymia | Chronic, milder but long lasting form of depression lasting 2 yrs or more ( low depressed mood, low self-esteem, hopelessness, low energy) |
| Bipolar- | Major depressive episodes coupled with manic episodes ( Extreme euphoria excitation, activity, wildly inflated self- esteem, confidence) Manic episodes- Lasy several days |
| genetic predisposition to depression? Bipolar disorder? | MZ 40%, DZ 11% MZ 70%, DZ 15% |
| Serotonin- | regulates sleep, mood, appetite, emotion |
| Norepinephrine- | Alertness, energy, stress responses |
| Dopamine- | Pleasure, reward, motivation |
| What attributions are associated with depression | Internal- self blame Stable- never change over time Global- effects many areas of life |
| Schizophrenia- | Delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior |
| Schizophrenia Prevalence | 1% of population |
| Gender Schizophrenia- | -Men and women similar overall rates Men- Early late teen early 20s, long term outcomes Woman- Later late 20s early 30s, better response to treatment, better social functioning |
| Hellicinations- | Sees, hears, smells, tastes, feels something that's not three Hearing voices |
| Delusions | False, fixed beliefs, (believing someone is against you when they are not.). |
| schizophrenia have a genetic basis? | MZ- 30-50% DZ- 10-15% |
| dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. | Too much dopamine activity in a certain brain areas, explaining positive, while reduced negative |
| What is the Diathesis-stress model | Mental disorders develop from their interaction of 2 factors Diathesis, Stress |
| defining characteristics of the personality disorders? | Extreme, inflexible, enduring personality traits that cause subjective distress or are maladaptive |
| Philippe- | French physician moral treatment, humane treatment |
| Dorothea | American activist and reformer, state funded mental hospitals, jails, asylums, |
| Ben | American psycision and “ father of American psychiatry” , moral treatment and education of pts, early classification classification of mental illness |
| What is a lobotomy? | frontal lobes of the brain are severed |
| lobotomy? When were they widely performed? | 1930S-1940s |
| When were psychoactive drugs first widely used? | 1950s |
| What is deinstitutionalization 1970s | process of moving people with mental illness out of large state hospitals and into community-based care |
| How do most antipsychotic drugs work? | Reduce positive symptoms, block dopamine and serotonin. |
| What is tardive dyskinesia? | Movement disorder |
| How do most antidepressants work? | Evaluate mood Increase norepinephrine, serotonin |
| What kind of drug is Prozac? | Selective Serotonin reuptake inhibitor ( SSRI) |
| What is Lithium and what is it prescribed for? | A mood stabilizer and metallic salt used in psychiatry Bipolar disorder |
| What is ECT and what is it used for? | ECT- Electroconvulsice Therapy Used to treat severe mental disorders |
| What is a drawback of anti-anxiety medication? | Relieve tesnsion, anxiety, nervousness Common- Valium, Xanax |
| What percent of the US population will undergo psychotherapy sometime in their lifetime? | 20-25% |
| Clinical- | Diagnose and treatment of serious mental disorders |
| Counciling- | Life stress, adjustment, less severe mental health issues |
| Psychiatrist- | Diagnose and treamtent mental disorders, medication, therapy |
| Psychonalyst- | psychoanalytic therapy based on Freudian techniques (exploring unconscious motives, early experiences) |
| a Ph.D. differ from a Psy.D | Ph.D- Research Psy.D- Practice |
| What is the basic goal of psychoanalytic-based therapy? | To help the patient gain insight into unconscious thoughts, feelings, and motivations |
| free association | encouraged to say whatever comes to mind |
| dream analysis. | dreams are interpreted to uncover unconscious desires and conflicts |
| What is the basic aim of behavioral therapies? | changing maladaptive or dysfunctional behaviors rather than exploring unconscious thoughts or emotions |
| Describe the goal of person centered therapy. Caral Rogers | become more self-aware, authentic, and accepting of themselves Encourage personal growth and self-directed change rather than giving advice |
| What is the technique of “clarification”? | Help client become more aware of their thoughts and feelings |
| Describe rational emotive behavioral therapy. | Albert Ellis- Helped the changing irrational beliefs that lead to emotions; and behavioral problems |
| What type of psychotherapy is used by most therapists? | Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) |
| Is psychotherapy effective? | Yes- 75-80% of clients improve |
| Describe the idea behind empirically supported therapies | provide treatments that are scientifically proven to be effective for specific psychological disorders, emphasizing evidence over tradition or opinion. |
Created by:
emt2023hawkins