Bremsstrahlung Radiation ("braking radiation")

This is produced when high-speed electrons are decelerated or deflected by the positive nucleus of the target atom.

Characteristic Radiation

This occurs when an incoming electron ejects an inner-shell electron (usually from the K-shell) of the target atom.

refers to the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam and is primarily controlled by kVp and filtration.

Higher kVp increases photon energy, resulting in greater penetration and lower image contrast.

remove low-energy photons that would be absorbed by the patient without contributing to image formation, improving beam quality and reducing patient dose.

refers to the number of x-ray photons produced and is mainly controlled by mAs (milliamperage × exposure time).

Directly proportional to the quantity of x-rays produced. Increasing mAs increases image density and patient dose.

Governed by the inverse square law—as distance increases, beam intensity decreases.

An x-ray photon is completely absorbed, ejecting an inner-shell electron.

The x-ray photon interacts with an outer-shell electron, ejecting it and continuing with reduced energy and a different direction.

Coherent (Classical) Scattering

Occurs with low-energy photons; the x-ray changes direction without losing energy. It has minimal impact on image quality.

Differential absorption

refers to the varying degrees to which different tissues absorb x-rays based on their atomic number, density, and thickness.

contains a filament made of tungsten

the release of electrons from the filament.

High atomic number / dense tissues

(bone, calcium) absorb more x-rays and appear white (radiopaque).

Low atomic number tissues (air, lungs)

absorb fewer x-rays and appear black (radiolucent).

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physics final

Question	Answer
Bremsstrahlung Radiation ("braking radiation")	This is produced when high-speed electrons are decelerated or deflected by the positive nucleus of the target atom.
Characteristic Radiation	This occurs when an incoming electron ejects an inner-shell electron (usually from the K-shell) of the target atom.
Beam quality	refers to the penetrating ability of the x-ray beam and is primarily controlled by kVp and filtration.
kVpkVp	Higher kVp increases photon energy, resulting in greater penetration and lower image contrast.
Filtration	remove low-energy photons that would be absorbed by the patient without contributing to image formation, improving beam quality and reducing patient dose.
Beam intensity	refers to the number of x-ray photons produced and is mainly controlled by mAs (milliamperage × exposure time).
mAs:	Directly proportional to the quantity of x-rays produced. Increasing mAs increases image density and patient dose.
Distance (SID):	Governed by the inverse square law—as distance increases, beam intensity decreases.
Photoelectric Effect	An x-ray photon is completely absorbed, ejecting an inner-shell electron.
Compton Scattering	The x-ray photon interacts with an outer-shell electron, ejecting it and continuing with reduced energy and a different direction.
Coherent (Classical) Scattering	Occurs with low-energy photons; the x-ray changes direction without losing energy. It has minimal impact on image quality.
Differential absorption	refers to the varying degrees to which different tissues absorb x-rays based on their atomic number, density, and thickness.
cathode,	contains a filament made of tungsten
thermionic emission	the release of electrons from the filament.
High atomic number / dense tissues	(bone, calcium) absorb more x-rays and appear white (radiopaque).
Low atomic number tissues (air, lungs)	absorb fewer x-rays and appear black (radiolucent).

Created by: bquinonez23

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