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AP World History
Winter Exam
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Western Christendom | The cultural and political world of Christian Europe in the Middle Ages, united by Latin Christianity, shared institutions, and common laws and traditions. Roman Catholics until reformations |
| Constantinople | Capital of the Byzantine Empire; major center of trade, wealth and Christianity. Conquered by ottoman now Istanbul |
| Song Dynasty | A Chinese dynasty known for economic growth, gun powder, printing and advanced technology |
| Byzantine Empire | Eastern Roman empire known for Orthodox Christianity, strong administration and preserving Greek/Roman knowldge. |
| Crusades | A series of religious wars where European Christians tried to regain the Holy Land from Muslim control. Holy land was Jerusalem |
| Roman Catholic Church | The western branch of Christianity led by the Pope; major political and cultural force in medieval Europe. |
| Seljuk Turkic Empire | A medieval Sunni Muslim empire of Turkic origin that controlled much of Persia and Anatolia (11th-12th centuries( and helped shape Islamic and Eurasian politics. |
| Inca Empire | A large South American empire in the Andes known for terrace farming, road systems and centralized rule. |
| Ottoman Empire | A powerful Muslim empire that controlled parts of Europe, Asia and Africa; took Constantinople in 1453 |
| Mali Empire | A wealthy West African empire known for gold trade and rules like Mansa Musa. |
| Swahili civilization | A set of East African city states that thrived on Indian Ocean trade and blended African and Arab cultures. |
| Mongol world war | A tern describing the Mongol conquests across Eurasia in the 13th-14th centuries. |
| Zheng He | A Chinese admiral who led massive voyages across the Indian ocean during the Ming Dynasty. |
| Chaco phenomenon | A complex society in the American Southwest known for huge stone buildings, roads, and regional trade. |
| Great Zimbabwe | A major African trading kingdom known for its stone architecture and control of gold trade. |
| Timbuktu | A key trading and learning center in medieval West Africa (Mali region), famous for its Islamic schools, libraries and role in the trans-Saharan gold-salt trade. |
| Hangz Hou | A prosperous Chinese city (capital of the Song Dynasty) known for its commerce, culture and the scenic West Lake |
| Angkor Wat | A massive 12th century temple complex in Cambodia, originally a Hindu then Buddhist religious center and a symbol of the Khmer Empire. |
| Srivijaya | A poerful maritime kingdom (based on Sumatra) that controlled Malay Archipelago trade routes and spread Buddhism across Southeast Asia. |
| Bushido | The samurai code of honor in Japan that stressed loyalty, bravery and discipline. |
| Yuang Dynasty | Mongol dynasty in China (founded by Kublai Khan) that ruled from 1271-1368. |
| Ming Dynasty | Chinese dynasty (1368-1644) known for restoring Chinese rule, building the Great Wall sections and sponsoring Zheng He's voyages. |
| Safavid Empire | Powerful Islamic empire in Persia (Iran)known for Shia Islam and strong miliary |
| Khanate of the Golden Horde | Mongol ruled region over Russia and Eastern Europe |
| Kutulun | Mongol noblewoman famous for her wrestling skills and refusing to marry unless a man could beat her. |
| Black Death | Deadly plague in the 1300s that killed millions across Europe, Asia and Africa. |
| Caesaropapism | When a ruler has both political power and religious authority (ex. Byzantine emperors) |
| Ghana | Early West African trading empire known for gold-salt trade. |
| Qing dynasty | Last dynasty of China (1644-1912), rules by the Manchus |
| Thirty Years War | Major European conflict over religion and politics (Catholics vs. Protestants) |
| Wang Yangming | Chinese philosopher who said moral knowledge comes from within. |
| Newton | Scientist who discovered the laws of gravity and motion. |
| Volitare | Enlightenment writer who supported freedom of speech and religion |
| Galileo | Scientist who improved the telescope and supported heliocentrism. |
| Achaemenid Persian Empire | First major Persian Empire known for tolerance and the Royal Road |
| Alexander the Great | Conqueror who spread Greek culture across Asian, Egypt and Persia |
| Hellenism | Blend of Greek culture with other cultures after Alexander's conquests. |
| Legalism | Chinese philosophy that believed in strict laws and harsh punishments |
| Confucianism | Philosophy focused on respect, order and proper relationships |
| Siddhartha Gautama | Founder of Buddhism |
| Jesus | Founder of Christianity |
| Aristotle | Greek philosopher who taught logic, science and ethics. |
| Mauryan empire | Large Indian empire known for Ashoka and Buddhism |
| Han Dynasty | Major Chinese dynasty known for Confucianism and bureaucracy |
| Qin shi huangdi | First emperor of China; united China and began the Great Wall |
| Judaism | Monotheistic religion of the Hebrews. |
| Hinduism | Major Indian religion with beliefs in karma, dharma and reincarnation. |
| Saint Paul of Tarsus | Early Christian who spread Christianity through the Roman Empire |
Created by:
cduffner