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English Exam Sem 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| using an object, person, or idea to represent something else, often a deeper, abstract concept, making vague ideas more concrete and adding layers of meaning, like a dove symbolizing peace or a red rose symbolizing love | symbolism |
| the central, underlying message, big idea, or universal truth that a story, movie, or artwork explores, going deeper than just the plot or topic (like love) to reveal a deeper insight | theme |
| a brief, indirect reference to a well-known person, place, thing, or idea from history, literature, or culture, without giving a detailed explanation, relying on the audience to understand the connection and its deeper meaning | allusion |
| the central struggle or clash between opposing forces (people, ideas, nature, self) that drives the story's plot, creates tension, reveals character, and develops themes, | conflict(internal and external) |
| a type of external conflict in storytelling where one character directly opposes another, creating struggle | man vs. man (external) |
| an internal struggle within a character, pitting their own opposing emotions, desires, beliefs, or moral dilemmas | man vs. self (internal) |
| a type of external struggle where an individual character clashes with societal norms, laws, beliefs, or oppressive institutions | man vs. society (external) |
| a literary and narrative conflict where humans struggle against technological forces | man vs. technology (external) |
| a core story type where protagonists battle forces beyond natural laws, like gods, monsters, ghosts, or magic, exploring themes of faith, fear, humanity's limits, and the unknown | man vs. supernatural |
| a literary conflict where characters struggle against natural forces like weather, animals, or environments, highlighting human vulnerability and resilience | man vs nature |
| a writing technique where authors drop hints or clues about future events in a story, building suspense and preparing the reader for what's to come | foreshadowing |
| a storytelling device that pauses the main narrative to show events that happened earlier, interrupting the chronological order | flashback |
| he author's attitude toward the subject or audience, conveyed through word choice (diction), sentence structure (syntax), and style, creating feelings like humorous, serious, sarcastic, or nostalgic for the reader | tone |
| whenever a person says something or does something that departs from what they (or we) expect them to say or do. | irony |
| figure of speech in which someone says something but means the opposite | verbal irony |
| when the outcome of a situation is the opposite of what is expected or intended | situational irony |
| occurs when the audience is aware of critical information that the characters are unaware of, creating a contrast between the characters' understanding and the audience's insight | dramatic irony |
| a story where everything (characters, events, objects) stands for something else, creating two layers of meaning: a literal story and a hidden, deeper message, usually about morals, politics, or human nature | allegory |
| descriptive language that appeals to the five senses (sight, sound, smell, taste, touch) to create vivid mental pictures, helping readers experience the story as if it were real | imagery |
| when you make non-human things, like objects or animals, act like people by giving them human feelings, actions, or qualities, making stories more fun, lively, and easier to picture | personification |
| protagonist, often noble, who possesses admirable qualities but has a fatal flaw (like pride or poor judgment) that leads to their ultimate downfall | tragic hero |
| the connected sequence of events in a story | plot |
| he part of a story that provides essential background information—like character details, setting (time/place), and context | exposition |
| the series of events, conflicts, and complications that build suspense and tension after the story's beginning (exposition) and lead up to the main turning point (climax) | rising action |
| the story's most intense or important moment, the peak of tension where the main conflict reaches its turning point and is ultimately resolved, often involving a crucial decision or action by the protagonist, leading into the falling action and conclusion | climax |
| the part of the story after the climax (the peak of tension) where the main conflict starts to resolve, tension decreases, and loose ends are tied up | falling action |
| the part of the story after the climax (the peak of tension) where the main conflict starts to resolve, tension decreases, and loose ends are tied up | resolution |
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