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Biology 3

QuestionAnswer
What is the main function of the circulatory system? To carry oxygen and nutrients to cells and remove carbon dioxide and wastes.
What are the four chambers of the heart? Two atria and two ventricles.
What does the right side of the heart do? Receives deoxygenated blood from the body and sends it to the lungs.
What does the left side of the heart do Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body.
What is the vena cava? The largest vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
What is the aorta? The largest artery that carries oxygenated blood to the body.
What are arteries? Thick-walled vessels that carry blood away from the heart under high pressure.
What are veins? Thin-walled vessels with valves that return blood to the heart.
What are capillaries? One-cell-thick vessels where gas and nutrient exchange occurs.
What is plasma? The liquid part of blood containing water, nutrients, wastes, and hormones.
What are red blood cells? Biconcave cells that carry most oxygen and lack a nucleus.
Why are red blood cells biconcave To increase surface area for oxygen transport.
What are white blood cells? Immune system cells that fight pathogens.
What is the RBC to WBC ratio About 700:1.
What are platelets? Cell fragments that help blood clot.
What are pathogens? Harmful microorganisms that cause disease.
What is the first line of defense? Skin, mucous membranes, stomach acid, and beneficial bacteria.
What is the second line of defense? Macrophages that engulf pathogens and present antigens.
What is the third line of defense? B-cells and T-cells that target specific pathogens.
What do B-cells produce? Antibodies.
What is vaccination? Injection of a weakened or harmless pathogen to trigger immunity.
What is herd immunity? High vaccination rates that protect vulnerable people.
What are the main functions of the musculoskeletal system? Support, protection, and movement.
What do ligaments do? Connect bone to bone.
What do tendons do? Connect muscle to bone.
What is cartilage? Tissue that cushions joints and prevents bone grinding.
How do muscles work? They pull and work in opposing pairs.
What is the CNS? The brain and spinal cord.
What is the PNS Nerves connecting the CNS to the body.
What are neurons? Cells that transmit electrical signals.
What is myelin? Insulation that speeds up nerve signals.
What are neurotransmitters? Chemicals that transmit signals between neurons.
What causes a heart attack? : Blocked coronary arteries from plaque buildup.
Q: What is hemophilia? A genetic disorder where blood does not clot properly.
What causes heartburn? Stomach acid backing up into the esophagus.
Q: What is Type II diabetes? A: Insulin resistance or low insulin production.
Q: What causes Parkinson’s disease? A: Loss of dopamine neurotransmitters.
Q: What is multiple sclerosis? A: Immune attack on myelin around axons.
Q: What causes Alzheimer’s disease? A: Protein buildup in brain neurons causing cell death.
Q: What reproductive structure do frogs have? A: A cloaca.
Q: How many heart chambers do frogs have? A: Three.
: How do frogs breathe? A: Through lungs and moist skin.
Why don’t plants have muscles or nerves? A: They don’t move to get food.
Q: What are stomata? A: Leaf openings for gas exchange.
Q: What does xylem do? : Moves water and minerals up.
Q: What does phloem do? A: Moves sugars down.
Q: What are meristems? A: Plant stem cells for growth.
Q: What do apical meristems do? A: Increase length.
Q: What do lateral meristems do? A: Increase width.
Created by: user-2000907
 

 



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