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Sicenr
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| science | the investigation and exploration of natural events and of the new information that results from those investigations. |
| scientific law | a rule that describes a pattern in nature. |
| scientific theory | an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations. |
| scientific theory | an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations.an explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations and investigations. |
| significant digits | the number of digits in a measurement that are known with a certain degree of reliability. |
| soil | a mixture of weathered rock, rock fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air. |
| stratosphere | the atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere. |
| stability | whether circulating air motions will be strong or weak. |
| observation | the act of using one or more of your senses to gather information and take note of what occurs |
| organic matter | something that has all the characteristics of life. |
| oxidation | the process that combines the element oxygen with other elements or molecules. |
| outwash | layered sediment deposited by streams of water that flow from a melting glacier. |
| ozone layer | the area of the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone. |
| atmosphere | a thin layer of gases surrounding Earth. |
| abrasion | the grinding away of rock or other surfaces as particles carried by wind, water, or ice scrape against them. |
| air pollution | the contamination of air by harmful substances including gases and smoke. |
| acid precipitation | precipitation that has a lower pH than that of normal rainwater. |
| inference | a logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge or experience. |
| hypothesis | a possible explanation for an observation that can be tested by scientific investigations. |
| precipitation | water, in liquid form, that falls from the atmosphere. |
| technology: | the practical use of scientific knowledge, especially for industrial or commercial use. |
| biosphere | the parts of Earth and the surrounding atmosphere where there is life. |
| biota | all of the organisms that live in a region |
| climate | the long-term average weather conditions that occur in a particular region. |
| critical thinking | comparing what you already know with information you are given in order to decide whether you agree with it. |
| cryosphere | the frozen portion of water on Earth’s surface. |
| condensation | the process by which a gas changes to a liquid |
| chemical weathering | the process that changes the composition of rocks and minerals due to exposure to the environment. |
| conduction | the transfer of thermal energy due to collisions between particles. |
| convection | the circulation of particles within a material caused by differences in thermal energy and density; the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of particles from one part of a material to another |
| description | a spoken or written summary of observations |
| dependent variable | the factor a scientist observes or measures during an experiment. |
| decomposition | the breaking down of dead organisms and organic waste |
| deposition | the laying down or settling of eroded material. |
| delta | a large deposit of sediment that forms where a stream enters a large body of water. |
| erosion | the moving of weathered material, or sediment, from one location to another. |
| evaporation | the process of a liquid changing to a gas at the surface of the liquid. |
| groundwater | water that is stored in cracks and pores beneath Earth’s surface. |
| geosphere | the solid part of Earth |
| glacier | a large mass of ice, formed by snow accumulation on land, that moves slowly across Earth’s surface |
| horizons | layers of soil formed from the movement of the products of weathering. |
| hydrosphere | the system containing all Earth’s water |
| International System of Units | the internationally accepted system of measurement |
| independent variable | : the factor that is changed by the investigator to observe how it affects a dependent variable |
| landslide | rapid, downhill movement of soil, loose rocks, and boulders. |
| loess | a crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay. |
| longshore | current: a current that flows parallel to the shoreline. |
| mineral | a naturally occurring, inorganic solid that has a crystal structure and a definite chemical composition. |
| meander | a broad, C-shaped curve in a stream |
| mass wasting | the downhill movement of a large mass of rocks or soil due to gravity. |
| moraine | a mound or ridge of unsorted sediment deposited by a glacier |
| ionosphere | a region within the mesosphere and thermosphere containing ions |
| precipitation | water, in liquid form, that falls from the atmosphere. |
| pores | small holes and spaces in soil |
| parent material | the starting material of soil consisting of rock or sediment that is subject to weathering |
| polar easterlies | cold winds that blow from the east to the west near the North Pole and South Pole. |
| particulate matter | the mix of both solid and liquid particles in the air. |
| photochemical smog | air pollution that forms from the interaction between chemicals in the air and sunlight. |
| rock | a naturally occurring solid composed of minerals, rock fragments, and sometimes other materials such as organic matter. |
| rock cycle | the series of processes that change one type of rock into another type of rock |
| radiation | the transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves. |
| topography | the shape and steepness of the landscape |
| till | a mixture of various sizes of sediment that has been deposited by a glacier. |
| talus | a pile of angular rocks and sediment from a rockfall |
| troposphere | the atmospheric layer closest to Earth’s surface. |
| temperature inversion | a temperature increase as altitude increases in the troposphere |
| trade winds | steady winds that flow from east to west between 30°N latitude and 30°S latitude. |
| uplift | the process that moves large bodies of Earth materials to higher elevations. |
| variable | any factor that can have more than one value. |
| water cycle | the series of natural processes by which water continually moves throughout the hydrosphere |
| water vapor | water in its gaseous form |
| weather | the atmospheric conditions, along with short-term changes, of a certain place at a certain time. |
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