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Physiology Week 7-13
| Define Saltatory conduction (Ch.19) | The action potential that leaps from node to node along the myelinated fiber |
| Does the spinal cord fill the spinal cavity? (Ch.20) | No, includes the meninges, CSF, cushion adipose tissue, and blood vessels. |
| How many roots does each spinal cord have? (Ch. 21) | 2 roots, ventral root (anterior root), and the dorsal root (posterior root). |
| What happens in the ganglia of both autonomic divisions? (Ch. 22) | ACh binds to nicotinic receptors in the membrane of postganglionic cells. |
| List the categories of general sense receptors. (Ch. 23) | Mechanoreceptors, Chemoreceptors, Thermoreceptors, Nociceptors, Photoreceptors, Osmoreceptors |
| Describe the function of taste buds. (Ch. 24) | House chemoreceptors responsible for taste, stimulated by chemicals that dissolve in the saliva, each taste bud contains 50-125 of chemoreceptors called gustatory cells. |
| What are the two classifications of hormones secreted by the endocrine tissues? (Ch. 25) | Steroid hormones manufactured by cholesterol an important type of lipid in the human body. Non-steroid hormones synthesized from amino acids |
| What are the actions of oxytocin? (Ch. 26) | Oxytocin stimulates rythmic contraction of smooth muscles in the uterus, and causes milk ejection from the breasts of lactating women. |
| What are the components of blood? (Ch.27) | Whole blood consists of 8% of the total body weight, plasma 55%, formed elements 45% |
| What layer of the heart is known as the visceral layer of the serous pericardium? (Ch. 28) | Epicardium adheres to the outside of the heart |
| Describe the function of muscular arteries? (Ch. 29) | AKA distributing arteries, carry blood away from the heart to other organs of the body |
| What is arterial blood pressure? (Ch. 30) | The volume of blood in the arteries. An increase in ABV tends to increase ABP and a decrease of ABV tends to decrease ABP |
| What is the function of the lymphatic system? (Ch. 31) | Maintain fluid balance in the internal environment and serve immunity to the body. |
| Define the lines of defense. (Ch. 32) | First- mechanical and chemical barriers Second- Inflammation response, and phagocytosis Third- Specific immune response and natural killer cells |
| What components make of adaptive immunity? (Ch. 33) | White blood cells - T cells (T Lymphocytes) and B cells (B Lymphocytes) |
| Describe the process of respiration. (Ch. 36) | External respiration or pulmonary ventilation known as breathing , transport of gases by blood, internal respiration gas exchange in the systemic blood capillaries and cellular respiration, overall regulation of respiration |
| Where does the exchange of gas take place? (Ch. 37) | Between arterial blood flowing through the tissue capillaries and cells |
| What is the process of swallowing? (Ch. 38) | Deglutation: oral stage (mouth to oropharynx) Pharyngeal stage (oropharynx to esophagus) Esophageal stage (esophagus to stomach) |
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