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Chem semester exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is corrosive? | Destroy / eat away through chemical reactions. |
| What is flammable? | Easily catches fire under normal temperatures. |
| What is combustible? | Need heat to ignite. |
| What is caustic? | Ability to corrode organic tissue. |
| What is toxic? | Can cause death. |
| What should you do in the case of a chemical splash? | Alert the teacher, flush the eye for 15-20 minutes, don't rub eye, don't put anything in your eye other than water. |
| What are the lab safety rules and procedures? | Protect your eyes, wear appropriate protective clothing, wear shoes that cover the feet, |
| What do you do with acid spills? | With acid, always add acid slowly to water while swirling. |
| What do you do when smelling chemicals? | Waft them. |
| What do you do with glass safety? | Test the temperature of glass with back of hand and thermometers should only be used for measuring temperature, not stirring. |
| What is fire safety? | PASS, Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep. |
| What are the 7 proper techniques and procedures? | Check the area and equipment for hazards, hold chemicals away from the body, use proper techniques for transferring chemicals, always clean materials before putting away, keep containers closed, wash hands with soap and water after handling chemicals. |
| What is a Safety Data Sheet and what kind of information does it contain? | A document for hazardous chemicals providing information on hazards, handling, PPE, first aid, spills, and disposal. |
| What is a physical property? | A quality or condition that can be observed without changing the substance's composition (extensive and intensive) |
| What is a chemical property? | A material's properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction. |
| What is chemistry? | The study of the composition, structure and properties of matter, the processes that matter undergoes and the energy changes that accompany these processes. |
| What is a physical change? What are some examples? | The composition of the material does not change. Examples: ripping, melting, and dissolving. |
| What is a chemical change? What are some examples? | Produces matter with a different composition and is irreversible. Examples: combustion, baking, digestion. |
| What is an element? | The simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties. |
| What is a compound? | Two or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed proportion. |
| What are mixtures? | Physical blend of two or more components |
| What is a heterogeneous mixture? | A mixture that is not uniform throughout. |
| What is a homogeneous mixture? | A mixture that is uniform throughout. |
| What is the law of Conservation of Mass? | Mass isn't created or destroyed, it only changes forms. |
| What is a pure substance? | It has a uniform and definite chemical composition and constant properties throughout. |
| What is quantitative data? | It is data that is numerical and countable. |
| What is qualitative data? | It is data that is descriptive and categorical. |
| What is the difference between a gas, liquid, and solid in terms of particle spacing? | Solids have particles that are tightly packed together, liquids have particles that are close but are able to slide past each other, and gases have particles very far apart and move freely. |
| What is the difference between a gas, liquid, and solid in terms of energy? | Gases have the most energy, liquids have moderate energy, and solids have the least amount of energy. |
| What is accuracy? | Measure of how close a measurement comes to the actual value. |
| What is precision? | Measure of how close a series of measurements are to one another. |
| What is dimensional analysis? | Method used to convert from one unit of measure to another. |
| What is a quantity? | The amount or number of something. |
| What is a unit? | An agreed upon name for a specific amount of a quantity |
| What is a measurement standard? | The physical, globally accepted definition of a unit. |
| What are the SI units and what are the seven fundamental quantities? | It is the International System of Units that is used throughout the world. The seven are length, mass, temperature, time, amount of substance, and electric current, |
| What is mass? | The amount of matter in an object. |
| What is weight? | The force of gravity on mass. |
| What is the density equation and units? | Density = Mass / volume ; g/cm^3 + g/mL |
| What do you do with sig figs that are added or subtracted? | Round with the least decimal place. |
| What do you do with sig figs that are multiplied or divided? | Round to the least amount of sig figs. |
| What is the percent error equation? | percent error = [experimental value - accepted value] / accepted value *100 |
| What is empirical and molecular formulas? | The empirical formula shows the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a compound, molecular formula shows the actual number. |
| Names of scientists that helped discover the atom and atomic theory. | Democritus, John Dalton, J.J. Thomson, Robert Millikan, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and James Chadwick. |
| What did Democritus do? | He has the first person to theorize that all matter is composed of tiny particles. |
| What is an isotope? | Atoms that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. |
| What did John Dalton do? | Proposed that all matter is composed of small particles called atoms. Worked with thermometers and gases and created Dalton's law of Partial Pressures. |
| What did J.J. Thomson do? | Proposed the existence of electrons and said an atom is a sphere with a positive charge and negative electron in it. Used the Cathode Ray Tube and the Plum Pudding Model. |
| What did Robert Millikan do? | Provided an accurate measurement of the charge of a single electron. Created the Oil Drop Experiment. |
| What did Ernest Rutherford do? | Describes an atom as having a small, positively charged nucleus at its center where most of the mass is. Also has electrons orbiting around. Conducted gold foil experiment. |
| What did Niels Bohr do? | Proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in fixed paths. Electrons are able to jump to higher or lower energy levels. |
| What did James Chadwick do? | Discovered the neutron, helped explain isotopes and the structure of the nucleus. |
| What is an atom? | The building blocks of matter. |
| What are the properties of protons, neutrons, and electrons. | Protons are the positively charged subatomic particles, the neutrons are the neutral subatomic particles, and the electrons are the negatively charged subatomic particles. |
| What is the atomic number? | The total number of protons in an atom. |
| What is the mass number? | The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
| What are atoms, molecules, and formula units used for when naming the particles of a substance? | The atoms are used for elements, the molecules are used for covalent compounds (2 or more nonmetals) and the formula units are used for ionic compounds (metal + nonmetal) |
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