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RNA and protein Synt
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| RNA | stranded nucleic acid that contains ribose and uracil |
| messenger RNA | type of RNA that carries copy of DNA codes to the ribosome |
| Ribosomal RNA | type of RNA that forms ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA | types of RNA that carries the amino acid to the ribosome |
| Transcription | synthesis of RNA from DNA molecules |
| RNA polymerase | enzyme linking growing chain of RNA nucleotides during transcription |
| Promoter | region of gene where DNA polymerase can bind and transcription begin |
| intron | sequence of DNA that in spliced out during RNA process |
| Exon | expressed part of DNA; on RNA processing the parts of RNA leaving the nucleus |
| polypeptide | long chain of amino acids that makes proteins |
| genetic code | the language read by codons that each codon corresponds to an amino acid |
| Codon | 3 letter word in MRNA that codes for an amino acid |
| translation | the decoding of RNA message into a portion |
| anicondon | the 3 unpaired based on a tRNA molecules |
| gene expression | when a gene makes its protein and the protein carries out its function |
| mutation | heritable changes in genetic information |
| point mutation | gene mutations that involves charges in one or a few nucleotides |
| frameshift mutation | a insertion or deletion mutation that changes the reading frame |
| mutagen | chemical/physical agent that interacts with DNA causing a mutation |
| Operon | in prokaryotes, a group of genes that regulated together |
| Operator | site on the operon where the repressor binds |
| Differentiation | becoming specialized in structure and function |
| central dogma | the flow of genetic info in a cel DNA----RNA----Protein |
| Epigenetic | how diet and stress adds chemicals to the DNA that turns it on or off without changing the code |