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U0 Chapter 2: Psych
Research Methods
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Science | A method for learning about reality through systematic observation and experimentation. |
| Objectivity | The practice of basing conclusions on facts, without the influence of personal emotion and bias |
| Subjectivity | Basing conclusions on personal belief and view |
| Confirmation Bias | The tendency to notice and remember instances that support your beliefs more than instances that contradict them |
| Hypothesis | A proposed explanation for a situation; an inference based on prior evidence and logical possibilities |
| Replication | Repeating an experiment and producing the same results |
| Case Study | A research provides an in-depth analysis of the behavior of one person or a small number of people |
| Naturalistic Study | An in-depth study of a phenomenon in its natural setting, looks at a larger group of people |
| Correlational Study | A study that measures the relationship and strength between two variables |
| Third Variable | A variable that influences two other variables |
| Experimental Study | A research method that manipulates an independent variable to observe the effect on the dependent variable |
| Independent Variable | A variable that is controlled and manipulated |
| Dependent Variable | The measures that demonstrates effects the independent Variable |
| Control group | A group not exposed to the IV but experiences all experimental procedures |
| Experiment group | A group that is exposed to the independent Variable |
| Random assignment | The procedure in which each participant has an equal chance of being placed in any group in an experiment. |
| Confounding variable | Variables that are irrelevant to the hypothesis but can alter a researchers conclusions |
| Publication Bias | The possibility that published studies are not representative of all work done on a particular phenomenon |
| Cross Sectional Study | An experimental design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained simultaneously from people of differing ages |
| Longitudinal Study | An experimental design for assessing age-related changes in which data are obtained from the same individuals over a long period of time. |
| Reliability | The consistency of a measure |
| Validity | The quality of a measure that leads to correct conclusions |
| Mean | The numerical average of a set of scores |
| Median | The halfway mark in a set of data, with half of the scores above it and half below |
| Mode | The most frequently occurring score in a set of data |
| Standard Deviations | A measure of how tightly clustered around the mean a group of scores is. |
| Informed Consent | Permission obtained from a research participant after the risks and benefits of an experimental procedure have been thoroughly explained. |
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amybui