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Archives Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a primary source? | First hand accounts of events created by individuals during that period of time (EX: diaries or memoirs); closest to the origin of information |
| What is a secondary source? | Closely related to primary sources and are often interpretations of the primary materials (EX: reference books) |
| What is a record? | evidence of a creator's intentional or unintentional actions and decisions |
| What are the elements that make something a record? | Content: info that makes up the substance, and is fixed over time Context: organizational, functional, or operational circumstances around a record's creation, receipt, storage, or use Structure: The form that makes the record tangible and intelligible |
| What is intellectual control vs physical control? | Intellectual control or arrangement is intellectually connecting materials in a body of records. (EX: music in Lisa Kliger's collection) Physical is the actual physical location of the records. |
| What are effective collections development policies? | 1. Focuses on successive growth--building on existing collections 2. Builds on the strengths of existing collections 3. Relies on thoughtful acquisition practices 4. Provides means to de-accession records of non-enduring value 5. Must be collaborative |
| What is an archivist? | Someone who is responsible for appraising, acquiring, arranging & describing, preserving, and providing access to records of enduring value based on provenance, original order, and collective control to protect the record's authenticity and context |
| What are the core elements of archival enterprise? | Planning Collection Development/management Appraise records of enduring value Acquisition/donor relations Accessioning arrangement/description of records Preservation/security Access/reference/public engagement/advocacy Reappraisal |
| What makes a record's evidence trustworthy? | Must be reliable/authentic, the form must be complete to do business, content must be accurate, creator must have no reason to manipulate the record, creative process will reliably create records, and the accuracy would have been expected to do business |
| What is the difference between a document and a manuscript? | The term document includes all media and formats, while manuscripts are handwritten documents, unpublished documents, or an author's draft submitted for publication |
| What are the types of evidence that archivists are most concerned with? | Legal: info admitted into judicial proceedings Documentary: a record that is deemed to be an objective representation of actual recollections and provides proof of something Physical: Collected and used to substantiate or refute a hypothesis |
| What does respect de fonds mean translate to? | Respect the creator |
| What are the elements of respect de fonds? | Provenance: Keep one creator's records separate from another creator's records Original Order: We do not rearrange the order or sequence of how records were created and filed by their creator |
| Why is respect de fonds so important? | We don't want to obscure the creative intent or inauthenticate the evidence that is contained within a body of records |
| What are the archival principles? | Records exist to be used their organization supports it Take long view of usefulness Value content and contexts Balance use and confidentiality Balance administration/management of records equitably Collaboratively cooperate with peers/communities |
| Do records preserve truth? | No. Truth is often a subjective interpretation of evidence. We as archivists preserve records that contain evidence. |
| What is the purpose of archives and special collections? | Preserve primary sources These records grow from creative processes and content is different Archival collections have collective significance as unique bodies Archival records are unique & not limited by format/medium Archival collections are varied |
| What is archival arrangement and description? | The recreation or preservation of the substance (evidence) from the records |
| What archival management model would you use as an approach in this position? | The life-cycle management model which leaves the archivist not the record's creator to be the judge of what has enduring value for their organization |
| When can an archival collection be fully processed? | When the intellectual and physical arrangement and description of the body of record's contents provides reasonable access points for its users. |
| Briefly explain how would you define what is considered effective archival description? | Effective archival description accomodates all types of records and it must be applied consistently within the individual finding aids and across collection finding aids. |
| What are 3 types of analyses that are commonly used for archival appraisal? | Content analysis considers the informational value Context analysis assesses the evidential/intrinsic value in a body of records Functional analysis focuses on the functions of an organization to know what best documents the big functions |
| What is the essential purpose of archival description? | To have reasonable access points for typical users of the collections to be able to understand the content, context and structure of those bodies of records |
| What are the four types of info? | Context: explains how the body of records was created and used Content: info about significant intellectual components Structure: explains intellectual arrangement for users Function: explains functions that groups of creators were responsible for |
| What is the purpose of agency histories and bio notes and scope and content notes in finding aids? | Agency histories and bio notes focus on the major factors of the agency of the creator to enhance access and understanding to physical records. Scope notes are more general on its organization and arrangement and where there may be gaps or unique info |
| What is macro appraisal theory? | It assesses enduring value of records based on why the records were created (their function) and the units or offices that created them. Focuses on evidentiary value of an org's records not on informational content |
| What is archival appraisal and the secondary values that special collections archivist use? | Appraisal is the thoughtful process for determining what records are and are not preserved over time based on their enduring evidential, informational, and intrinsic value. |
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