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Philosophy Unit 5
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Identity | Broad concept of who you are (social roles like gender) |
| Self-Identity | Internal understanding of yourself |
| Ship of Theseus | Thought experiment about how much you can take away from a ship for it to be the same ship |
| Fungibility | Interchangeability |
| Body Theory | Thought that humans are only their bodies |
| Memory Theory | Thought that identity is rooted in memories |
| Soul Theory | Thought that we have a soul separate to the body |
| Bundle of Psychological Connections | Self identity isn't a fixed entity |
| Ethics & Morality | Ethics are external and morals are each persons thoughts on right or wrong |
| Moral Absolutism | Ethical belief that certain actions are inherently right or wrong |
| Moral Realism | View that moral truths exist |
| Moral Anti-Realism | Denying moral truths |
| Grounding Problem | What is the ultimate foundation and justification for our moral beliefs |
| Ethical Relativism | Moral standards aren't universal, matter on society and culture |
| Cultural Relativism | Principle that a person's beliefs, values, and practices should not be understood within their own cultural context |
| Subjective Relativism | Right or wrong of an action is relative to the individuals beliefs |
| Arguments for Cultural Relativism | Promotes tolerance and diversity |
| Moral Isolationism | View that we never truly understand cultures from our own so we can't make valid judgement about their practice |
| Mary Midgley’s example of Tsujigiri | Tsujigiri is when a samurai uses their sword on a human to test it, Mary Midgley said we cannot possibly understand this |
| Moral Reformers/Progress Objection | Individual or group who seeks to improve society morals by changing customs vices and abuses |
| Deontological Ethics | Duty based moral framework judging actions as inherently right or wrong based on rules not consequences |
| Divine Command Theory | Meta ethical view stating morality is determined by God's commands |
| Immanuel Kant & Categorical Imperative | Act only on rules that you would support being universal law |
| Principle of Ends & Principle of Universal Law | We should never treat people as an means to a goal and should only do things we would want everyone to do |
| Consequentialism | Ethical theory stating that morality of actions are judged solely by their outcomes or consequences |
| Ethical Egoism (Ayn Rand) | Moral theory claiming people should act in their own self interest |
Created by:
rwancr