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Digestive System

TermDefinition
Oral Cavity The mouth; site of mechanical digestion (chewing) and chemical digestion via saliva.
Teeth Hard structures used to chew and break down food into smaller pieces.
Tongue Muscular organ for manipulating food, tasting, and aiding swallowing.
Uvula Small tissue at the back of the throat that helps prevent food from entering the nasal cavity.
Pharynx Throat; passageway for food to the esophagus and air to the larynx.
Epiglottis Flap of cartilage that prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing.
Esophagus Muscular tube connecting pharynx to stomach; moves food via peristalsis.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter Muscle controlling food entry into the esophagus from the pharynx.
Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter Muscle preventing stomach contents from refluxing into the esophagus.
Stomach Muscular organ that stores food, mechanically churns it, and chemically digests proteins.
Pyloric Sphincter Muscle controlling passage of chyme from the stomach to the duodenum.
Small Intestine Long tube where most digestion and nutrient absorption occur.
Duodenum First part; receives chyme, bile, and pancreatic enzymes for digestion.
Jejunum Middle part; primary site of nutrient absorption.
Ileum Final part; absorbs remaining nutrients and connects to the cecum.
Cecum First part of the large intestine; appendix is attached here.
Appendix Small lymphoid organ attached to the cecum; role in immunity.
Large Intestine Absorbs water, forms, and stores feces.
Ascending Colon Travels upward on the right side.
Transverse Colon Crosses the abdomen horizontally.
Descending Colon Travels downward on the left side.
Sigmoid Colon S-shaped segment connecting to the rectum.
Rectum Stores feces until defecation.
Anus Opening for elimination of feces.
Salivary Glands Produce saliva containing enzymes to begin carbohydrate digestion.
Liver Produces bile for fat digestion and metabolizes nutrients.
Pancreas Produces digestive enzymes and bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid.
Created by: user-1897871
 

 



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