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AP Gov Court Cases
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| McCulloch v. Maryland | Maryland tried to tax a federal bank, McCulloch refused to pay the tax. Ruled supremacy clause. |
| United States v. Lopez | Lopez brought a gun to school , was charged under Gun Free School Zones Act. Ruled that Congress cannot use commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime. |
| Engel v. Vitale | New York has a state law about a voluntary prayer read at the start of school, Engle didn't want to. Establishment clause (1st Amendment: free religion) |
| Wisconsin v. Yoder | Yoder did not want to send their kids to high school because of religious beliefs. Violates Free exercise clause (1st Amendment: free religion) |
| Tinker v. Des Monines Community School District | Tinkers wore peace armbands to protest the Vietnam War. Ruled in favor because its symbolic speech. (1st Amendment: free speech) |
| Schenck v. United States | Schenck passes out info flyers to encourage people to avoid the draft. "Ruled against because it presents danger." (1st Amendment: free speech) |
| New York Times Co. v. United States | New York Times published secret pentagon papers that revealed lies about the Vietnam War. Bolstered freedom of the press. (1st Amendment: freedom of press) |
| Gideon v. Wainright | Gideon wanted a lawyer but was denied because it was not a capital case. Guaranteed right to an attorney to everyone. (6th Amendment: Right to counsel) |
| McDonald v. Chicago | McDonald wanted a gun but Chicago has a ban on issuing handgun licences. Guaranteed right to keep and bear arms. (2nd Amendment: right to bear arms) |
| Brown v. Board of Education | About Racial discrimination and segregated schools. Race-Based school segregation violates equal protection clause. (14th Amendment: equal protection) |
| Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission | Citizen united wanted to air negative campaign movie but was considered. (1st Amendment: free speech) |
| Baker v. Carr | Redistricting case. Tennessee had ignored a reapportionment law and did not adjust districts for shifts in population. (14th Amendment: equal protection) |
| Shaw v. Reno | White residents challenged a unusually shaped district arguing it was only drawn to secure election for a black representative. Districts cannot be made based on race. (14th Amendment: equal protection) |
| Marbury v. Madison | Marbury did not receive his official commission for a judge job and sued Madison. Established Judicial review. |