Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Anatomy midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Define anatomy | The study of body structures |
| When the heart contracts to pump blood this is an example of which, anatomy or physiology? | Physiology |
| List the levels of structural organization from smallest to largest | Atoms, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms |
| Superior | Top |
| Inferior | Bottom |
| Ventral | Front |
| Dorsal | Back |
| Proximal | Close to attachment point |
| Distal | Far from attachment point |
| Lateral | <-- --> Outsides |
| Medial | Middle |
| Superficial | Surface |
| Deep | Inside |
| Define anatomical position | Upright, palms out, thumbs away from body |
| The body's ability to maintain stable internal conditions is known as | Homeostasis |
| List the three main components of a homeostatic control system | Control center, receptor, effector |
| Which feedback loop is more common, positive or negative? | Negative |
| Describe the two types of nucleic acids. Include the nitrogenous bases, function, sugar, and how many strands make up each | DNA - A/T and G/C -- provides instructions for every protein in the body, deoxyribose, double stranded helix RNA - A/U and G/C -- carries out DNA instructions for protein synthesis, ribose, single stranded helix |
| What are the building blocks of proteins? | Amino acids |
| What are the building blocks of triglycerides? | 3 fatty acid chains + glycerol |
| Which monosaccharide is known as blood sugar? | Glucose |
| Which polysaccharide is stored in animal tissues? | Glycogen |
| Carbohydrate polymer (chain of monosaccharides) | Long string |
| Triglyceride | Three squiggly strings |
| Nucleotide | The one with a P and 4 Os |
| Globular proteins in its' tertiary structure | Stringy one |
| Define a cell | The basic structural + functional unit of living organisms |
| Define hydrophilic and hydrophobic in terms of the phospholipid bilayer's heads and tails | Hydrophilic - heads Hydrophobic - tails |
| What are the three main parts of a cell | Nucleus, plasma membrane, cytoplasm |
| How are chromatin and chromosomes similar and how are they different | Chromatin is present when a cell is not dividing and is composed of DNA, condensing to form chromosomes which are present during cell division |
| Define organelle | Machinery of the cell that preforms functions for the cell |
| Define diffusion, osmosis, endocytosis, and solute pumping | Diffusion - High to low Osmosis - DIffusion of H2O (aquaporins) Endocytosis - Inside cell to outside (engulfing) Solute pumping - Active transport protein carriers |
| What portion of the cell separates the intracellular fluid from the extracellular fluid | Plasma membrane |
| Which requires ATP, active or passive transport? | Active |
| Diffusion requires a concentration gradient. What is a concentration gradient? | Particles are higher in one area than the other -- high to low |
| Define a hypotonic and isotonic solution | Hypotonic - less solute than cell Isotonic - same concentration |
| What happens to a cell that is placed in a hypertonic solution? | Cell shrinks |
| What happens to a cell that is placed in a hypotonic solution | Cell grows |
| List in order the phases of mitosis | Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase (PMAT) |
| What does it mean to be selectively permeable and is the plasma membrane selectively permeable? | Lets certain things in blocks others, yes |
| Which type of tissue (nervous, muscle, connective, epithelial) fits closely to form the continuous sheets, has an apical surface, and a basement membrane? | Epithelial |
| Which type of tissue supports, protects, and binds tissues together? | Connective |
| Which type of tissue can be classified as loose or dense? | Connective |
| Which type of tissue can be described as voluntary or involuntary? | Muscle |
| Which type of tissue can be simple or stratified? | Epithelial |
| Which type of tissue is specialized to contract and produce movement? | Muscle |
| Which type of tissue is common in glands and their ducts? | Epithelial |
| Which type of tissue has characteristics such as irritability and conductivity? | Nervous |
| Which type of tissue consists of living cells surrounded by an extracellular matrix? | Connective |
| Which type of tissue is found in the brain and spinal cord? | Nervous |
| Which type of tissue contains collagen, elastic, or reticular fibers? | Connective |
| Define tissue | Group of cells with similar structure and function |
| What is the difference between simple and stratified squamous? | Simple - one layer Squamous - more than one layer |
| What are the four primary tissue types | Muscle, epithelial, connective, nervous |
| Which tissue is well vascularized and has an extensive extracellular matrix | Connective |
| List 3 pigments that contribute to skin color | Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin |
| The color of hair is due to what pigment | Melanocytes |
| What do the letters of the ABCDE rule for recognizing melanoma stand for | Asymmetrical, border, color, diameter, evolution |
| What makes up the integumentary system | Skin, hair, nails |
| Which tough protein within the epidermis prevents it from soaking up moisture like a sponge | Keratin |
| What are the two main layers of skin | Epidermis and dermis |
| List the epidermal strata layers from superficial to deep | Cornium, lucidum, granulosum, spinosum, basale Come lets get sun burnt |
| When a person is exposed to sun, they tan due to an increased presence of what | Melanin |
| What is the rule of nines used for | Quick way to see extent of a burn |
| What two layers make up the dermis | Papillary and reticular |
| Are nails and hair keratinized | Yes |
| List the functions of the bones | Support body, protect organs, allow movement, store minerals and fat, blood cell formation |
| What is ossification | Process of bone formation |
| What components make up the axial skeleton | Skull, rib cage, vertebral column |
| What kind of bone cells add bone matrix to the outside of the diaphysis | Osteoblasts |
| What does articular cartilage cover and what does it help to reduce/decrease | It covers the ends of bones, reduces friction in the joints |
| An epiphyseal plate indicates that bone length is increasing or has stopped. Choose one | Increasing |
| What components make up the appendicular skeleton | Shoulder girdle, arm, hand, pelvic girdle, leg, foot |
| What are the two types of bone tissue | Spongy and compact |
| Are bones vascular or avascular | Vascular |
| List the vertebral sections superior to inferior | Cervical, thoracic, lumbar |
| How many cervical, thoracic, lumbar are there | 7 12 5 |
| What is an articulation | Two or more bones meet |
| List the six types of synovial joints | Plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball + socket |
| What is osteoporosis and who does it affect | A bone thinning disease, older women |
Created by:
serenitylockard