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Unit 7 US history
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Brown v board of education | a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case in that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. This historic decision effectively ended the "separate but equal" |
| Civil rights act of 1964 | a landmark piece of federal legislation that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin |
| Emmett till | a 14-year-old African American boy, was a pivotal event that galvanized the modern Civil Rights Movement. Visiting family in Money, Mississippi, Till was abducted, tortured, and lynched after being accused of offending a white woman |
| Freedom riders | groups of interracial civil rights activists who traveled by interstate bus into the segregated Southern United States in 1961 |
| James Meredith | a key figure in the American Civil Rights Movement. He is most recognized for being the first African American student to enroll at the segregated University of Mississippi in 1962 |
| Little Rock 9 | a group of nine African American students who integrated the all-white Little Rock Central High School in 1957. This action challenged the enforcement of the Supreme Court law. which ruled that segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. |
| Malcom X | a revolutionary African American human rights activist, Muslim minister, and a pivotal figure in the Civil Rights Movement. Known for his powerful oratory, he advocated for Black empowerment, self-determination, and racial unity. |
| Freedom summer | a major 1964 voter registration drive aimed at increasing the number of registered Black voters in Mississippi |
| Martin Luther King Jr | leader of the American Civil Rights Movement from 1955 until his assassination in 1968. He is globally recognized for his commitment to nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience as tools to achieve racial equality and justice for the oppressed |
| Montgomery buss boycott | a foundational 381-day nonviolent protest against racial segregation on the public transit system in Montgomery, Alabama |
| Sit ins | a nonviolent campaign during the Civil Rights era where activists, primarily Black college students, occupied "whites-only" lunch counters and refused to leave until they were served or arrested |
| Student non-violent coordinating committee | the only national civil rights organization in the 1960s led entirely by young people |
| Voting rights act of 1965 | a landmark piece of federal legislation that permanently barred barriers to political participation by racial and ethnic minorities and prohibited any election practice that denies the right to vote on account of race |
| AIM | a grassroots Indigenous rights organization founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota, in July 1968. Initially formed to address police brutality and racial profiling of urban Native Americans |
| Betty Friedan & feminist mystique | a prominent American feminist writer and activist whose 1963 book, The Feminine Mystique, is widely credited with sparking the "second wave" of American feminism |
| Black panthers | party aimed to challenge police brutality and systemic racism through a platform of armed self-defense, social activism, and community empowerment. |
| Cesar Chavez | a Mexican American labor leader and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, |
| Grape boycott | The strike began on September 8, 1965, when Filipino farmworkers with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee, walked out to demand wages equal to those in other regions |
| Counter culture | cultural movement whose values and norms of behavior are fundamentally opposed to those of mainstream or established society |
| Haight-ashbury | the epicenter of the 1960s counterculture movement |
| Hippies | members of a prominent counterculture movement in the United States during the mid-1960s and early 1970s that rejected mainstream American values in favor of peace, love, individual freedom, and alternative lifestyles |
| NOW (national organization of women) | the largest and most enduring feminist grassroots activist organization in the United States, dedicated to achieving equal rights for all women and girls in all aspects of social, political, and economic life. |
| Occupation of Alcatraz | a group of Indigenous activists and their supporters occupied Alcatraz Island in San Francisco Bay for 19 months, from November 20, 1969, to June 11, 1971 |
| Roe v wade | a landmark 1973 U.S. Supreme Court decision that established a federal constitutional right to an abortion |
| Woodstock | a legendary music festival held from August 15 to 18, 1969, on Max Yasgur's dairy farm in Bethel, New York |
| Head start | a federally funded program that provides comprehensive early childhood education, health, nutrition, and family support services to low-income children and families in the United States |
| John f Kennedy | the 35th President of the United States from 1961 until his assassination in 1963. |
| Bay of pigs | a failed 1961 attempt by CIA-trained Cuban exiles to overthrow Fidel Castro’s socialist government |
| Cuban missile crisis | a 13-day political and military standoff in October 1962 between the United States and the Soviet Union |
| Lyndon Baines Johnson | served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969. He assumed office following the assassination of John F. Kennedy |
| Medicare | a federal health insurance program in the United States primarily for individuals aged 65 and older |
| New frontier | the slogan and guiding philosophy of John F. Kennedy's 1960 presidential campaign and his subsequent administration |
| Peace corps | an independent U.S. government agency that sends American volunteers to live and work in developing countries |
| Robert F Kennedy | He served under his brother, President John F. Kennedy, where he was a key advisor during the Cuban Missile Crisis and a leading champion for Civil Rights. |
| Warren commission & JFK assassination | a federal body established by President Lyndon B. Johnson on November 29, 1963, to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy |
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