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APHUG Unit 2 Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| overpopulation | occurs when number of people exceeds capacity of environment to sustain them |
| census | most important data for population geography but affected by: non participation: homeless, ethnic minorities, citizens of other countries less likely to complete form sampling |
| 4 major population clusters | east Asia, South Asia, Europe, southeast asia |
| ecumene | portion of earth's surface permanently settled |
| arithmetic density | total number of objects in an area |
| physiological density | number of people supported by a unit of arable land arable land: land for agriculture |
| agricultural density | ratio of farmers to arable land more developed countries have lower ratio due to technology |
| carrying capacity | maximum population size an environment can sustain |
| population distribution | pattern of human settlement, spread of ppl |
| population density | number of people occupying a piece of land |
| population distribution patterns: clustered, uniform, linear, random | most common are clustered and linear |
| population structure | people composing a population (sex, race, age) |
| population pyramids | shows population structure triangular (fast growth) extended triangle (moderate) column (slow) reduced pentagon (shrinking) left side male, middle population age, right female |
| dependency ratio | number of people in a dependent age group divided by number pf people in working age group percentage |
| crude birth rate | live births per country per 1000 |
| crude death rate | deaths per country per 1000 |
| total fertility rate | number of births average per woman |
| infant mortality rate | annual number of infant deaths shows lack of healthcare access |
| natural increase rate | (CBR-CDR)/10 |
| pronatalist vs antinatalist | yes kids vs no kids |
| doubling time | number of years need to double population assuming constant NIR |
| demographic transition/DTM | process of change in society's population from high CBR to low CBR |
| DTM Stage 1 | low growth high CBR high CDR low NIR |
| DTM Stage 2 | high growth high CBR low DCR very high NIR result of advancements from industrial rev and medical rev |
| DTM Stage 3 | moderate groet rapidly declining CBR declining DCR moderate NIR urbanization, decline in mortality |
| DTM Stage 4 | very low CBR slightly increasing CDR zero NIR result of women's rights, technological boom, social customs, education people start to die of natural old age, eg cancer |
| sex ratio | number of males : number of females india and china have gender inequalityt |
| maternal mortality rate | annual number of childbirth and pregnancy related deaths higher rate in countries with lack of medical care |
| epidemiologic transition | distinctive health threats in each stage of the DTM famine to pandemics to degenerative diseases to delayed degenerative diseases |
| Malthus | claimed population grows geometrically but food grows arithmetically and we will run out of food |
| neomalthusian theory | claim that recent population growth proves Malthus recent evidence both supports and refutes this |
| migration | semi permanent to permanent relocation of people from one place to another |
| immigration | movement INTO a location |
| emmigration | movement OUT of a location |
| push factors | negatives pushing ppl out |
| pull factors | positives pulling people in |
| intervening obstacle | barriers holding migrants from migrating |
| intervening opportunity | opportunity causing migrants to voluntarily stop travel |
| gravity model | predicts the interaction between places based on population size and distance between them closer distance and similar population means more interaction |
| ravensteins laws of migration | look them up |
| net migration | number of immigrants - number of emmigrants |
| international migration | permanent move from one country to another voluntary vs forced migration |
| voluntary migration | migrant chose to move for economic or environmental reason |
| forced migration | migrant compelled to move for cultural or environmental reason |
| internal migration | migration within same country |
| interregional migration | movement from one region to another, ex rural to urban |
| intraregional migration | movement within region, ex within urban area from old to new suburbs |
| population center | average location of everyone in the country |
| rural to urban migration | people seek economic advancement |
| urban to suburban migration | desirable lifestyle |
| urban to rural/counterurbanization | rapid expansion of suburbs, lifestyle, etc |
| refugee | forced to migrate to new country to avoid effects of armed conflict, violence, human rights violations |
| internally displaced person | forced to migrate for similar political reasons to refugees but has not migrated past an international border |
| asylum seeker | person migrating to new country hoping to be recognized as a refugee |
| remittance | money sent by workers in a country to people in the country they emigrated from |
| people who migrate | mostly young, working age men |
| brain drain | large scale emigration by talented people to where they can better use their skills |
| quota | max number of people can come into US annually |
| chain migration | migration of people to a specific location because relatives migrated there first |
| guest worker | immigrants from poorer countries allowed to migrate temporarily for jobs |
| circular migration | temporary movement of a migrant worker between home and host countries for employment |
| voluntary migrant | person chose to migrate |
| transnational migrant | migrant maintains strong ties to home country |
| chain migration | one person moves and then relatives etc |
| step migration | migration in increments and intermediate locations |
| transhumance | movement of livestock seasonally |
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