Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
soc 101
social inequality onwards
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| social inequality definition | unequal distribution of opportunities/rewards for different people in a society |
| social inequality is based on... | social position/status |
| inequality of opportunities | life chances across individuals |
| inequality of experienced conditions | income, wealth, material goods and social stratification |
| the elite | super rich, significant social power - corporate power concentrated in few people |
| the middle class | no official definition, disappearing |
| 78% of canadians self identify as... | middle class |
| meritocracy | jobs/income supposedly based on talent (rewarded for effort) |
| stratification systems | caste, clan, slavery, class |
| the poor | 10% of canadians, 1/4 of which are children |
| hidden poverty | being above the 'poverty line' but still cannot afford food, bills, childcare, etc. |
| FOOD BANK USAGE DEMOGRAPHIC: 33% | children |
| FOOD BANK USAGE DEMOGRAPHIC: 40% | on social assistance or disability-related support $ |
| FOOD BANK USAGE DEMOGRAPHIC: 42% | single |
| FOOD BANK USAGE DEMOGRAPHIC: 19% | employed |
| FOOD BANK USAGE DEMOGRAPHIC: 23% | two-parent families |
| classism | bias, prejudice, discrimination based on social class |
| poverty - blaming the victim | people held responsible for the negative circumstances arising in their own life (pull yourself up by your bootstraps!) |
| poverty - blaming the system | saying policies, laws, economic system is to blame (it's systemic discrimination) |
| POVERTY: FUNCTIONALISM | inequality is inevitable, desirable, and important (YAY MERITOCRACY!) |
| POVERTY: CONFLICT THEORY | inequality is a result of groups with power dominating those with less, it hinders progress |
| race definition | label used to classify groups using observable traits - fluid over time |
| 'observable traits' of race can include... | skin colour, eye shape, hair, but also social roles, intelligence, behaviours, athletic ability |
| ethnicity definition | people with a common culture, language, religion, national origin |
| racism | a tool to justify race typology, to legitimize, control, dominate, and exploit |
| prejudice definition | negative/hostile social attitude towards members from another group |
| stereotype definition | exaggerated generalization categorizing + encompassing all members of a group |
| discrimination definition | prejudiced views that are acted upon |
| systemic racism | prejudice + power that's supported by institutional structures |
| racialization definition | identifying, selecting, & applying negative attributes to a group |
| dechief & oreopoulos 2012 experiment | sent resumes to employers in toronto with varied names - chinese, indian, pakistani names 40% less likely to be hired |
| RACISM: FUNCTIONALISM | 4 dysfunctions: resources aren't maximized, exacerbates other problems, wastes resources, impacts inter-country relationships |
| RACISM: FEMINISM | fight for gender equality did not include all women - INTERSECTIONALITY |
| racial profiling definition | law enforcement (agencies & personnel) including racialization in policy and personal judgement |
| racial profiling & 'discovery' | more crimes perceived in racialized groups because of heightened surveillance |
| starlight drives | police driving Indigenous people out into the cold to die (since AT LEAST 1976) |
| sex definition | describing bodies through biological differences and categorizing in binary diametrical opposites |
| gender definition | socially constructed binary characteristics associated with masculinity/femininity |
| hegemonic masculinity definition | ideal form of masculinity (successful, powerful, a provider, HETEROSEXUAL, dominant and violent) |
| emphasized femininity definition | ideal form of femininity - women's compliance with subordination to men (supportive, ready for sex, attractive) WITH SHIFTING IDEALS |
| cisgender definition | person who's gender identity corresponds with their sex assigned at birth |
| intersex definition | umbrella term to cover variations in sex characteristics from gender binary categories |
| transgender definition | umbrella term to cover those who do not fit into normative constructions of sex/gender |
| nonbinary definition | person who's gender cannot be defined within the margins of gender binary |
| two-spirit definition | used by some Indigenous people who fulfill traditional gender non-conforming roles - viewed as a gift! |
| drag definition | stylistic gender performances |
| ideology of gender | "natural" differences - feminine traits (e.g. emotional) are bad, masculine traits (e.g. risk-taking) are good |
| toxic masculinity definition | harmful attitudes/behaviours of hegemonic masculinity - result of socializing men to be aggressive + unemotional |
| REPRODUCING GENDER: FAMILY | expectations begin before birth, gendered divisions of household labour |
| REPRODUCING GENDER: CLASSROOMS | hidden curriculum, girls praised for being social + neat, boys praised for intelligence |
| REPRODUCING GENDER: MEDIA | reflects + reinforces gender division & stereotypes |
| GENDER: FUNCTIONALISM | men & women having separate roles maintains cohesion and reduces confusion |
| GENDER: CONFLICT THEORY | comes from need to ensure paternity (inheritance) & need to control resources through nuclear family |
| GENDER: SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM | idea of 'doing gender' - taught through social institutions |
| GENDER: FEMINISM | patriarchy REQUIRES gender roles to function, though they limit opportunities |
| crime definition | certain behaviours & (in)actions requiring social control & intervention CODIFIED |
| deviance definition | actions violating social norms (largely not illegal) - NOT ACT ITSELF BUT REACTIONS THAT DEFINE IT |
| crime as a social phenomenon | making laws, breaking laws, reactions to breaking laws |
| DEVIANCE: DRINKING | glorified and socially accepted up to a point (alcoholism/addiction = deviant) |
| DEVIANCE: SMOKING | now vilified & replaced with vaping |
| DEVIANCE: RELATIONSHIPS | age gap relationships, queerness (greater representation in media -> greater acceptance!) |
| DEVIANCE: BELONGING TO A GROUP | status + rewards from membership (e.g. sports teams), deviant/criminal for gangs (biker groups, white nationalist groups) |
| DEVIANCE: WEAPONS | military & police - different attitudes about carrying & usage compared to public |
| deviance is defined by... | politicians/governments, scientists, religious institutions, MEDIA, formal & informal social controls |
| demonology definition | pre 1700s, criminal behaviour attributed to supernatural forces |
| CRIME THEORY: FREE WILL / RATIONAL CHOICE | felicific calculus - mental calculation of pleasure/pain to determine actions |
| CRIME THEORY: BIOLOGICAL DETERMINISM | human behaviour is inherited / physiologically based (can be discerned from face or body) |
| biological determinism - endomorph | lazy, shy, love of comfort |
| biological determinism - mesomorph | extroverted, aggressive, risk-taking, well-liked, 'most likely to be criminal' |
| biological determinism - ectomorph | introvert, quiet, intelligent |
| critiques of biological determinism | focus is on individual, assumes crime is rational & that punishment deters, cannot explain patterns, biased, largely discredited |
| hidden figures | unreported crimes |
| crime - structure theory | neighbourhood characteristics impact crime rates: criminogenic in itself, does not matter what type of person lives there |
| crime - process theory | socialization teaches all behaviour, including crime - negative label (criminal record) causes person to adopt negative self image |
| crime - social conflict theory | crime regulation favours those controlling system, minor crimes committed out of economic necessity are overly punished |
| social determinants of health | factors influenced by societal distribution of wealth + resources (that impact health) - location, genetics, income, culture, gender, education, etc. |
| unhoused youth are more likely to... | experience multiple periods of homelessness, experience poorer quality of life, be victims of crime, become chronically homeless |
| low income earners are more likely to... | die younger, smoke, have mental illness, suffer more illnesses generally |
| Indigenous people have higher rates of... | infant + child mortality, malnutrition (+ obesity + diabetes + hypertension), disease caused by environment contamination |
| healthy immigrant effect | high requirements to immigrate into canada - newcomers healthier than avg canadian, then decline |
| regarding health, women are... | more health conscious/proactive, more likely to develop chronic problems related to age, historically not prioritized |
| ethic of care | women are socialized to prioritize others above themselves |
| regarding health, men are... | less likely to be proactive, 2x more likely to commit suicide, more likely to be killed at work |
Created by:
cheapnmeowing