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20th
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Service sector | Jobs that provide services instead of goods |
| Information industry | Jobs that create or manage information like tech and data |
| Franchise business | A business where people open their own location under a company name |
| Consumerism | A culture focused on buying more products |
| Nuclear family | A household with parents and their children |
| Inner city/urban renewal | Government programs to rebuild poor city areas, often displacing residents |
| G.I. Bill of Rights | Law helping WWII veterans pay for college, housing, and job training |
| Baby boom | A huge increase in births from 1946–1964 |
| Interstate Highway Act | 1956 law building thousands of miles of highways |
| Suburbs & Levittown | Mass-produced suburban housing communities |
| Sunbelt | Southern and western states where people moved after WWII |
| Rock and Roll | New energetic music popular with teens in the 1950s |
| Elvis Presley | The most famous early rock and roll star |
| Beatnik | Young people who rejected traditional 1950s values |
| De jure segregation | Segregation enforced by law |
| De facto segregation | Segregation caused by custom or housing patterns |
| Discrimination | Unfair treatment of people based on race, gender, etc. |
| Segregation | The separation of people by race |
| Integration | Bringing different races together |
| Filibuster | Talking for a long time in the Senate to block a vote |
| Black Power | Movement promoting Black pride, strength, and independence |
| Poll taxes | Fees used to prevent Black Americans from voting |
| Literacy tests | Tests used to block Black voting in the South |
| Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 case ending school segregation |
| Thurgood Marshall | Lawyer who won Brown v. Board; first Black Supreme Court Justice |
| Montgomery Bus Boycott | Protest sparked by Rosa Parks that ended bus segregation |
| Martin Luther King Jr. | Leader of the nonviolent civil rights movement |
| Rosa Parks | Activist whose refusal to give up her seat sparked the bus boycott |
| John Lewis | Civil rights leader, Freedom Rider, and SNCC chairman |
| Diane Nash | Student leader in sit-ins and Freedom Rides |
| SCLC | MLK’s organization for nonviolent protest |
| SNCC | Student civil rights group behind sit-ins and Freedom Rides |
| Sit-ins | Students sitting at segregated counters demanding service |
| Freedom Rides | Activists testing bus desegregation across the South |
| Freedom Summer | 1964 voter registration drive in Mississippi |
| March on Washington | 1963 protest where MLK gave “I Have a Dream” |
| Civil Rights Act of 1964 | Law ending segregation and banning discrimination |
| “Bloody Sunday” | Attack on peaceful marchers in Selma in 1965 |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | Law protecting Black voting rights and ending literacy tests |
| Malcolm X | Leader promoting Black pride and self-defense |
| Stokely Carmichael | SNCC leader who popularized “Black Power” |
| Kerner Commission | Report concluding the U.S. was dividing into two unequal societies |
| Black Panthers | Group promoting Black self-defense and community programs |
| John F. Kennedy | President from 1961–63; pushed civil rights and the space race |
| Flexible Response | Kennedy’s plan for multiple military options instead of only nuclear weapons |
| New Frontier | Kennedy’s domestic plan for space, education, and poverty |
| Deficit spending | When the government spends more than it takes in |
| Peace Corps | Program sending volunteers abroad to help developing nations |
| Space race | Competition between the U.S. and USSR to explore space |
| Warren Commission | Report investigating JFK’s assassination |
| Lyndon B. Johnson | JFK’s VP; passed major civil rights and anti-poverty laws |
| War on Poverty | LBJ’s program to reduce poverty |
| Great Society | LBJ’s broad plan to improve healthcare, education, and civil rights |
| Civil Rights and Voting Rights Acts | Landmark laws protecting racial equality |
| Medicare | Health insurance for people age 65 and older |
| Medicaid | Health insurance for low-income Americans |
| Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965 | Ended racist national-origin quotas |
| Warren Court | Supreme Court under Earl Warren that expanded civil rights protections |
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