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Chapter 14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Battle of Shiloh | April 1862 battle in Tennessee near a church called Shiloh |
| Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston | Surprised Union forces at Shiloh; killed during the battle |
| Outcome of Shiloh | Costly Union victory with over 10,000 casualties per side |
| Lincoln on Grant after Shiloh | Refused to dismiss him, saying "I can't spare this man. He fights." |
| David Farragut | Union naval commander who captured New Orleans in April 1862 |
| New Orleans | South's largest city and most important seaport |
| Vicksburg | Vital Confederate river port on high bluffs; key to controlling Mississippi River |
| Grant's strategy for Vicksburg | Marched down west bank, floated fleet past city guns, ferried troops across, laid siege |
| Vicksburg civilians | Lived in caves and ate horses, cats, dogs, and rats during siege |
| Vicksburg surrender | July 4, 1863; Union gained full control of Mississippi River |
| Kentucky neutrality | Initially declared neutral in the Civil War |
| General Braxton Bragg | Took command of Confederate armies in the West after Johnston's death |
| Bragg's invasion of Kentucky | Failed in August 1862; more Kentuckians joined the Union |
| Chickamauga Creek | Site of Confederate counterattack; Union forces nearly destroyed |
| George Thomas | "The Rock of Chickamauga"; held Union forces together at Chickamauga |
| Music in the Civil War | Used bugles, drums, and fifes; singing relieved tension and united soldiers briefly |
| Southern hardships | Fighting on home soil, economic devastation, shortages, hyperinflation |
| Richmond bread riot | 1863 riot due to food shortages, quelled by Jefferson Davis |
| Union blockade | Restricted Southern trade, caused shortages, limited blockade runner success |
| Northern prosperity | Industrial and agricultural growth during the war |
| Conscription | Military draft adopted by both sides; often unfair |
| New York draft riot | July 1863 violent resistance in the North, with racial attacks |
| West Virginia statehood | Created when western Virginia refused to secede; joined Union June 20, 1863 |
| Lincoln suspending habeas corpus | Allowed arrests without trial to suppress rebellion |
| Copperheads | Northern Democrats opposed to the war, sympathetic to the South |
| Clement Vallandigham | Famous Copperhead arrested and banished; later supported McClellan |
| Southern diplomacy | Hoped Britain would recognize Confederacy due to cotton |
| Trent Affair | U.S. Navy seized Confederate agents from British ship; resolved diplomatically |
| Emancipation Proclamation | Issued Jan 1, 1863; freed slaves in rebel-controlled territories |
| Purpose of Emancipation Proclamation | Prevent British support, encourage black enlistment, boost morale, weaken Confederacy |
| Wilderness Campaign | Grant's 1864 campaign against Lee near Richmond; did not retreat after losses |
| Cold Harbor | June 3, 1864; costly Union assault with 7,000 deaths; "Grant's Slaughter Pen" |
| William Tecumseh Sherman | Led Union forces in Atlanta Campaign and March to the Sea |
| Atlanta Campaign | Sherman flanked Confederate forces; Hood abandoned city on Sept 2, 1864 |
| March to the Sea | Sherman's 300-mile march from Atlanta to Savannah destroying infrastructure and supplies |
| Sherman's neckties | Twisted railroad rails destroyed by Sherman’s troops |
| Siege of Petersburg | Nine-month Union siege, depleting Confederate forces |
| Appomattox Court House | April 9, 1865; Lee surrendered to Grant |
| Grant's surrender terms | Generous; officers kept swords, men kept horses, allowed to go home |
| Lincoln's instructions after surrender | Stop Union celebrations; "The Rebels are our countrymen again" |
| Civil War deaths | Over 600,000 Americans died |
| Lincoln assassination | April 14, 1865 by John Wilkes Booth |
| Lincoln's vision post-war | Reconciliation with the South; avoid hate and vindictiveness |
| "The Civil War began in which year? | 1861 |
| "The Civil War ended in which year? | 1865 |
| "What masked the brutal reality of the Civil War at its start? | Initial patriotism and pageantry |
| "How many men died during the Civil War? | 600,000 |
| "What were three major outcomes of the Civil War? | End of slavery, end of secession, deaths of 600,000 men |
| "What was the central constitutional issue that led to the Civil War? | Whether states could voluntarily leave the Union |
| "What is another name for the Civil War used by the South? | War for Southern Independence |
| "What is another name for the Civil War used by the North? | War Against Slavery |
| "What did Southern leaders argue regarding secession? | It was a constitutional right based on state sovereignty |
| "What did Northern leaders believe about secession? | It was unconstitutional because states surrendered sovereignty upon ratifying the Constitution |
| "What was the North’s main priority at the start of the war? | Preserving the Union |
| "What was the South’s main priority at the start of the war? | States' rights and liberties |
| "How did the North’s economy differ from the South’s? | Industrial vs. agricultural |
| "Why did Southerners oppose high tariffs? | They hurt trade and made foreign products more expensive |
| "What role did slavery play in the Southern economy? | Integral to agriculture and culture |
| "What percentage of Southern families owned slaves? | About one-third |
| "Why did Northern abolitionists gain support? | Against the expansion of slavery |
| "Who was Robert E. Lee? | A Confederate general who chose Virginia over the Union |
| "What was McClellan’s army called? | Army of the Potomac |
| "What was the North’s war strategy called? | The Anaconda Plan |
| "What did the Anaconda Plan involve? | Naval blockade of Southern ports and control of the Mississippi River |
| "Who was Stonewall Jackson? | Confederate general known for bravery and faith, originally opposed secession |
| "What was the significance of the First Battle of Bull Run? | Showed the war would not be over quickly |
| "Where did the Battle of Antietam take place? | Antietam Creek, Maryland |
| "What is Antietam known for? | Bloodiest single day in American history |
| "What battle is associated with Pickett’s Charge? | Gettysburg |
| "How many casualties were at Gettysburg? | About 50,000 |
| "What is the Gettysburg Address main idea? | Nation “conceived in Liberty” and equality for all men |
| "Who was Clara Barton? | Nurse who helped the North, “angel of the battlefield,” founded the American Red Cross |
| "What was the significance of the Monitor vs. Merrimack battle? | First clash of ironclad ships, end of wooden warships |
| "What was Grant’s nickname after Fort Donelson? | Unconditional Surrender Grant |
| "Why was capturing the Mississippi River important? | To split the Confederacy and provide transportation for Union forces |
| "What was the South’s strategy in the Civil War? | Defensive, outlast the enemy’s will to fight |
| "How did Lincoln respond after the First Battle of Bull Run? | Replaced McDowell, requested half a million more troops |
| "Why did Robert E. Lee decline command of the Union army? | Loyalty to his home state, Virginia |
| "Which Confederate general was fatally wounded at Chancellorsville? | Stonewall Jackson |
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