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BIOL 1101 Final
Pre-Class Notes, Nov 19
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What occurs at interphase? | cell grows and DNA replicats |
| What occurs at the mitotic phase? | replicated DNa and cytoplasmic contents are separated |
| What occurs at cytokinesis? | cytoplasm is partitioned |
| What is the first stage of interphase? | G1 phase |
| What occurs at G1 phase? | cell accumulates building blocks of DNA + proteins, accumulates energy for replicating chromosomes |
| What occurs at S phase? | synthesis of DNA, DNA replication occurs, sister chromatids of identical chromosomes, at centromeric region |
| What is the physical structure and function of the mitotic spindle? | two centrosomes, orchestrate movement of chromosomes |
| What is the physical structure and function of centrioles? | rod-like objects, positioned at a right angle to each other |
| In what of species are centrioles present in and not? | centrioles only present in humans mostly, not plants or most fungi |
| What occurs at G2 phase? | cell replenishes, energy stores, synthesizes proteins for chromosome movements, some cell organelles are duplicated, cytoskeleton is dismantled |
| What is another word for the mitotic phase? | karyokinesis - another word for mitosis |
| What occurs at prophase? | nuclear envelope turns into small vesicles, golgi appaatus and ER turns into fragments and disperse to sides of the cell, nucleolus disappears, centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell |
| What is condensin protein used for? | sister chromatids begin to coil more tightly using this |
| What occurs at prometaphase? | nuclear envelope fragments further, mitotic spindle develops, more microtubules assemble, chromosomes condense even more |
| What are kinetochore used for? | each sister chomatid has this protein structure in the centromeric region |
| What are polar microtubules? | spindle microtubules that do not engage with the chromosomes |
| What is the metaphase plate and what occurs at metaphase? | plane were chromosomes are aligned, midway between the Z poles, chromosomes are MAX condensed, sister chromatides are still attached to each other with cohesive protein |
| What occurs at anaphase? | cohesive proteins degrade, sister chromatids separate at the centromeres, cell visibly elongates |
| What occurs at telophase? | chromosomes decondense and unravel, mitotic spindles depolymerized into tubulin, monomers are used to assemble ctoskeletol in the cell |
| What occurs in animal cells at cytokinesis? | contractile ringe with actin filaments form inside plasma membrrane, the pull equator of the cell inwards |
| When the actin ring contracts at cytokinesis, what is it called? | cleave furrow fissure, furrow deepens |
| What occurs at cytokinesis in a plant cell? | COME BACK AND LEARN |
| What occurs at the G1 checkpoint? | at the point where cell irreversibly commits to cell division |
| What does G1 checkpoint check for? | check for genomic DNA damage at checkpoint, if good moves forward, if bad goes back |
| What occurs at G2 checkpoint? | check if all of the chromosomes are replicated and replicated DNA is not damaged |
| When does M checkpoint occur? | occurs near end of metaphase stage of karyokinesis |
| What M checkpoint also called? | spindle microtubules, because determines whether sister chromatids are correctly attached to microtubules |
| What cyclin occurs at G1 phase? | Cyclin D |
| What cyclin occurs at S phase? | Cyclin E |
| What cyclin occurs at G2 phase? | Cyclin A |
| What cyclin occurs at mitosis? | Cyclin B |
| What are the function of CDK inhibitors? | prevent full activation of CDKs |
Created by:
goldengalleon