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Genetics Exam 1
Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Consider the following pedigree, where the black shape indicates the presence pf deafness in the parents. The children have normal hearing. | Complementation |
| When exposure to a chemical results in disease that mimics one that can be caused by a persons genetics, the phenomenon is called... | Phenocopy |
| If a single mutation in a pea plant causes a change in pea color, pea shape and flower color, what best describes this phenomenon? | Pleiotropy |
| In a complementation test, two recessive mutations fail to complement each other. What does this imply? | they are located in the same gene/complementation group |
| If hybrids for three genes are allowed to self-fertilize- Aa Bb Cc x Aa Bb Cc- what proportion of their progeny will have the genotype AA Bb Cc? | 1 of 16 |
| How many different kinds of gamete genotypes can be produced by a plant with the following genotype? AA bb cc DD | 1 |
| If the parents of a family already have two male children, what is the probability that the next two offspring will both be females? | 1/4 |
| The gene for the ABO blood types has three alleles: IA, IB, and i, which give rise to four different phenotypes: A, B, AB, and O. If a child has a blood type AB and one parent also has type Ab, which blood type is NOT possible in the second parent? | Type O (ii) |
| Whenever a rose bush has a dominant genotype in either of two genes (A and B), a red color is produced. In a cross of AaBb x AaBb roses, how many red offspring would you expect out of 16? | 15 red offspring because only one out of16 will be non red (aa=1/4 bb=1/4 and 1/4 x 1/4 = 1/16) |
| A normal-colored green alligator is involved in a test-cross with an albino alligator. All of the offspring are all green colored. | The green alligator parent is homozygous dominant. |
| Heterozygotes | have one copy of a dominant allele and one copy of a recessive allele |
| If a pea plant heterozygous for round (Rr) and yellow (Yy) seeds is crossed with a pea plant homozygous recessive for both traits (rryy), what fraction of offspring will have round yellow seeds? | 1/4 |
| If two healthy people who are both carriers for a recessive disease decide to become parents, what will be the odds that their children will also be carriers (but not diseased)? | 50% are healthy carriers, so half of their children are expected to be healthy carriers. (Aa) |
| If two parents are homozygous for genetically inherited recessive trait, what is the probability that they will have a child who does NOT have this trait in his or her phenotype? | 0% |
| Mendel's law of independent assortment dictates that an Aa Bb dihybrid would make equal numbers of four gamete types. What are these four gamete types? | AB, Ab, aB, ab (each is produced with equal frequency 25%) |
| A diagram showing a family's relevant genetic history through several generations is called a... | Pedigree |
| When the alleles of one gene mask the effects of alleles of a second gene, the first gene is _____ to the second gene. | epistatic |
| In parrots, green feathers are dominant to yellow feathers. A green feathered parrot: | can mate with another green parrot to produce some progeny that have yellow feathers |
| A testcross involves crossing a plant with a dominant phenotype with a plant that has a... | homozygous recessive genotype |
| In snapdragons, the allele for red flowers is incompetently dominant to the allele for white flowers, so heterozygotes have pink flowers. What ratio of flower colors would you expect from a pink x pink cross? | 1 red : 2 pink : 1 white (using punnet square: 1RR: 2 Rr: 1rr) |
| In snapdragons, the allele for red flowers is incompetently dominant to the allele for white flowers, so heterozygotes have pink flowers. What ratio of flower colors would you expect from a red x pink cross? | 1 red : 1 pink (using punnet square: 50% RR and 50% Rr) |
| Which of the following phenotypic does NOT indicate epistasis in a dihybrid cross? | 9 : 3 : 3 : 1 (this is bc Epistasis is detected when a dihybrid cross produces any modified ratio different from the normal Mendelian 9:3:3:1) |
| Polydactyly in humans is a condition that results in extra fingers and/or toes. A dominant allele produces polydactyly in humans but not all humans with the allele display the extra digits. This is an example of | Incomplete penetrance |
| Pea shape is controlled by a gene that specifies an enzyme known as Sbe1 (for Starch-branching enzyme 1). Two alleles of Sbe 1 exist, where is one allele is dominant and the other is recessive. The recessive allele most like specifies... | an Sbe1 enzyme with reduced function |
| More than 99% of all tigers are orange with black stripes, but some individuals are white with black stripes. The gene that codes for the orange with black stripes phenotype can be classified as... | wild-type |
| When both parental phenotypes are expressed in the F1 hybrids, this results in a condition called... | Co-dominance |
| Punnett squares are used by geneticists to dtermine the probability of different offspring genotypes. In the one shown below, what letter(s) belong in the lower right box? | aa |
| In Labrador retrievers, two genes (E and B) control coat color. When a dominant E allele is present, the B alleles of the second gene make the coat color black, and the bb homozygote is chocolate. If the ee genotypes is present, however, the coat color is | The coat color is yellow; example of recessive epistasis, where ee masks the effects of the B gene. |
| If a woman is homozygous normal and her husband is heterozygous for a genetically inherited recessive disease and they decide to become parents, what is the probability that they will have a healthy child? | Probability of a healthy child = 100% bc of when you cross these you get: 50% AA → healthy, not carriers 50% Aa → healthy carriers 0% aa → diseased |
| A scientist performed a cross between pure-breeding yellow flowered plants (YY) and pure-breeding green flowered plants (yy) to get yellow flowered plant hybrids in the F1 generation. What is the phenotype of the yellow hybrids? | yellow |
| If two parents are heterozygous for a genetically inherited dominant trait, what is the probability that they will have a child who has this trait in his or her phenotype? | 75% |
| The dominant Huntington disease allele causes severe neural/brain damage at approximately age 40. A female who has one parent with Huntington disease wants to have a child with a male whose parents do not have Huntington disease. it is not known if the fe | 25% chance the child will develop Huntington disease (bc 0.5 chance mom is Hh)×(0.5 chance of passing it)=0.25 |
| Modifier genes | Contribute only small changes to the phenotype of a gene |
| Plants that produce the same characteristics generation after generation are termed... | pure-breeding |
| Which of the following can cause genetically identical individuals to display a variable expressivity of phenotypes? | All of the above, Different diets, exposure to chemicals, exposure to different temperatures |
| If you know the phenotype and the dominate relationship of the alleles, you can predict the genotype accurately. | False |
| The dominant allele usually indicates the presence of a normally functioning protein, whereas the recessive allele usually indicates a nonfunctional protein. | True |
| In epistasis, the gene whose expression is masked is called the epistatic gene. | False |
| For a gene with multiple alleles, a single allele can be dominant to one allele, but recessive to another allele. | True |
| Mendel's laws of Inheritance do not work for complex traits. | False |
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