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Soil Science Exam 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the term for organic matter that is completely decomposed. The black stuff. a. less b. loam c. silt d. humus e. potash | d. humus |
| Rhizobium bacteria are a soil organism that have a symbiotic relationship with plants in the legume family. How does the legume plant benefit from the Rhizobium bacteria? | b. provides nitrogen to the plant by fixing the N2 gas found in soil pores |
| The dung of this organism is called castings, which improves soil aggregation and water holding capacity. a. actinomycetes b. nematodes c. earthworms d. maggots e. protozoa | c. earthworms |
| The type of fungi that grows in close association with crop roots, which improves the plants ability to absorb wat ern nutrients, especially phosphorus. a. mycorrhizae b. cercospora c. phytopthora d. pseudamonous e. bacillus thuringiensis | a. mycorrhizae |
| The primary element that completely decomposed organic matter contains. a. iron b. potassium c. carbon d. hydrogen e. calcium | c. carbon |
| Plants are producers as they are able to get their energy directly from the environment through photosynthesis. Predators, herbivores, and decomposers all must feed on some sort of organic material to get their energy; thus they are categorized as _______ | heterotrophs |
| Actinomycetes are a bacterial like organism that is very important to soil health because they? a. break down complex organic matter b. cycle organic matter deeper into the soil c. directly provide nitrogen to the plant d. serve as a natural pesticide | a. break down complex organic matter |
| This farming practice has reduces soil organic matter over time because the organic matter is oxidized into CO2 gas. a. fallow b. irrigation c. fertilizer application d. tillage e. pesticide application | d. tillage |
| This category of soil organisms is most just known as a crop pest. However, there are beneficial species that are important for the overall cycle of life in the soil. a. nematodes b. protozoa c. algae d. lepidoptera e. crustaceans | a. nematodes |
| A healthy soil will generally have this ratio of bacteria to fungi. a. 1000 to 1 b. 100 to 1 c. 10 to 1 d. 1 to 1 e. 1 to 1000 | d. 1 to 1 |
| Microfauna, mesofauna, and macrofauna are a way of classifying soil organisms based on? a. climate b. size c. population d. depth e. none | b. size |
| Earthworms will (increase/decrease) soil porosity. | increase |
| Earthworms will turn over about (1 inch/6 inches) of soil every 10 to 20 years | 6 inches |
| Earthworms will cycle (organic matter/sand) deeper into the soil profile. | Organic matter |
| A healthy soil will have an abundance of living microorganisms as well as macro-organisms or insects. Describe 2 factors that influence how much active life is in a soil? | -Organic matter -Structure: sand, silt, clay -pH -Porosity |
| Describe 3 benefits that organic matter provides to the soil. | -increases water & nutrient storage -increases the availability of nutrients -improves aggregates -reduces soil erosion |
| Increasing soil organic matter should be a goal of every crop producer because it can improve yields and potentially reduce inputs. What are 2 techniques for increasing soil organic matter? | -reduce tillage -use cover crops -diversify crop rotation -leave crop residue |
| True or False: Radish and turnips (brassicas) are great cover crops; however, mycorrhizae fungi do not develop around their roots. | True |
| True or False: Soil organic matter levels can be easily increased by 2 or 3% in just one year with good management. | False |
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