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Soil Science Exam 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Plants require 6 different macronutrients and 8 micronutrients to grow. Which of the following is a micronutrient? a. nitrogen b. potassium c. boron d. calcium e. phosporus | c. boron |
| What is the tool that can be applied to a field to raise soil pH and overcome soil acidity? a. potash b. lime c. sulfur d. gypsum e. urea | b. lime |
| The primary reason that acidic soils reduce crop yields is because this element is more available and is toxic to the crop, reducing root growth. a. aluminum b. nickel c. cobalt d. molybdenum e. silicon | a. aluminum |
| What are the 2 soil particles that have a negative charge, which allows soils to store positively charged nutrients? a. sand and silt b. gypsum and shale c. silt and limestone d. clay and organic matter e. potassium and sulfur | d. clay and organic matter |
| What is the primary location where nature stores nitrogen? a. oceans b. atmosphere c. mineral deposits d. rainforests e. icecaps | b. atmosphere |
| Sodic soils (high sodium) are present on some farms and causes this physical problem. a. soil acidity b. mineralization c. surface crusting d. excessive drainage e. high erosion | c. surface crusting |
| What is the tool that can be applied to a field to assist with correcting a sodic soil problem? a. manganese b. sulfur c. humus d. gypsum e. urea | d. gypsum |
| Soil salinity is a chemical soil problem that injures plants by creating? a. nitrate toxicity b. drought stress c. soil acidity d. fungal growth on roots e. none | b. drought stress |
| Which of the following field crops is most sensitive to acidic soils with significant yield losses with a pH below 6.0? a. corn b. soybeans c. alfalfa d. wheat e. grain sorghum | c. alfalfa |
| What is the term for a soil that has a high pH, well above 7.0? a. alkaline b. colluvial c. eolian d. humic e. anaerobic | a. alkaline |
| What element is required for nitrogen fixation in legume root nodules, but is not an essential nutrient? a. aluminum b. iron c. silicon d. cobalt e. magnesium | d. cobalt |
| Which of the following is the correct description between a macronutrient and a micronutrient? | c. plants require a much larger amount of macronutrients than micronutrients |
| What is the ideal soil pH for growing most crops? | 6.5-7 |
| Describe 2 strategies that can assist with managing a saline soil. | -Determine mechanisms for good drainage -Clean water supply/flush the field with a lot of non-saline water -Grow salt-tolerant crops |
| Describe 2 reasons why a soil becomes more acidic over time? | -Parent soils are acidic (sand stone) -Nitrogen application -Heavy precipitation -Burning fossil fuels |
| Describe one reason that causes a high soil pH | Poor drainage |
| A soil pH that is too high or too low can reduce crop yields. Describe 2 examples of soil properties or processes that are influenced by soil pH. | -Influences oil microorganisms -Influences soil applied herbicides -Influences nutrient availability -Neutral pH favors mineralization from OM |
| Some fields have naturally high levels of certain nutrients while others are deficient. For example, the soil on NCTA's farm is very high in potassium, but low in zinc. What causes this or in other words, how does nature supply nutrients to the soil? | The weathering of soil minerals Parent material & OM have some influence as well |
| What is Cation Exchange Capacity and Why is it an important soil property? | Total number of exchangeable cations the soil can hold. It has a negative charge It is greatly influenced by clay & OM |
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