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Audit uni
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what should firm do if prohibited by ethical standards | refuse |
| different threats | self interest, self review, advocacy, familiarity, management |
| self interest | firm or team mate may benefit from financial interest, may be reluctant to modify report |
| Advocacy threat | perceived to be supporting managements views - es5 prohibits firm from acting as advocate before appeal |
| self review | reluctant to modify report - reflects badly May place to much reliance on their work |
| Familiarity | may be to trusting - lack of professional scepticism - may keep familiar workers together with correct safeguard - keeps knowledge of company |
| safeguards | perform independent audit review,, mandatory partner rotation, separate groups, training |
| gross profit margin | gross profit/revenue x 100 |
| trade payables payment method | trade payables/cost of sales x 365 |
| reasons for changing gross profit | change of supplier/prices, changes in demand, change in sales mix, inaccurate cut off procedure - misstates purchases and trade payable - includes or excludes sales costs |
| reduction in payable days | new supplier - shorter payment term, unrecorded liabilities - received not invoiced - inaccurate cut off, wrong classification |
| increase payable days | increase payment term, delaying payments to increase cash flow, unable to pay |
| Revenue changes | exchange rates, cost of raw materials, sales price, demand |
| control system limitations | Human error, collusion to avoid regulations, unusual transactions |
| types of control | Preventative, detective |
| inventory counts | training, count sheets, separation of responsibilities- non warehouse staff, labelling, post count procedures |
| Accurate data entry | record clearly - verification and sign off by senior team members |
| Inventory sheets | include inventory records - bias to agree with figure |
| Audit committee | sub-committee of board of directors oversee entities internal control structure |
| Types of control activity | Authorisation, segregation of duties, performance reviews, physical controls, info processing |
| revenue overstated | profit targets - inaccurate cut off - invalid sales included - long term contract timing |
| revenue understated | reduce profit avoid tax, fraud to steal cash, cut of sales not recognised - long term contracts |
| Sales documents | sales order form, goods delivery note, sales invoice, sale credit note |
| order risks | customers unable to pay or take long to pay, inaccurate recording loss of customers, sales made with inadequate inventory |
| order control objectives | check credit ratings, encourage fast payment, only take sales when inventory available, correct recording |
| ways to achieve order objectives | segregation of duties, different departments for invoicing credit control etc, authorisation, references to credit, customer data |
| delivery/invoicing risks | poor quality goods despatched, despatched but not recorded, despatched but not invoiced for |
| Dispatch/invoicing controls | Dispatches recorded with GND, GND matched with order form, goods checked before delivery, customers sign GND quality and qty |
| Recording risks | sales not properly recorded, recorded in wrong customer accounts, credit notes not properly recorded |
| Controls recording | safeguarding trade receivable statements so can be altered, check statements, authorisation writing off bad debts |
| Deficiencies | wrong controls, right controls implemented poorly, no controls |