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Hand/Carpus
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the proximal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial? | Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral and Pisiform |
| What kind of bone is pisiform? | Sesamoid |
| Which tendon is pisiform in? | Flexor carpi ulnaris |
| What are the distal row of carpal bones from lateral to medial? | Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate and Hamate |
| What type of joint is the wrist? | Synovial |
| What are the articulating surfaces of the wrist? | Distal radius, scaphoid, lunate, triquetral and triangular fibrocatilaginous disc |
| What kind of joint is the midcarpal joint? | Synovial |
| Where does the midcarpal joint lie? | Between the two rows of carpal bones |
| Which carpal bone is most commonly fracture? | Scaphoid |
| Which direction does lunate dislocate? | Anteriorly |
| Which nerve is affected by a lunate dislocation anteriorly? | Median nerve |
| What is bennet's fracture? | Fracture of the first carpometacarpal joint |
| What is the first carpometacarpal joint known as? | Saddle joint because it has a wide range of movement |
| What are the layers of the hand? | Skin, fat, deep fascia/palmar aponeurosis, superficial muscles, intermediate muscles, deep muscles |
| What are the superficial muscles of the hand? | Thenar, hypothenar, palmaris brevis |
| What are the intermediate muscles of the hand? | Long flexor tendons of forearm muscles and associated lumbrical muscles |
| What are the deep muscle layers of the hand? | Adductor pollicis and the interossei muscles |
| What is the palmar aponeurosis? | A triangular condensation of deep fascia anchored to the flexor retinaculum and palmaris longus, it divides into slips for insertion |
| What is the floor of the carpal tunnel? | The carpal bones |
| What is the medial wall of the carpal tunnel? | Hook of the hamate and Pisiform |
| What is the lateral wall of the carpal tunnel? | The tubercle of scaphoid and crest of trapezium |
| What are the contents of the carpal tunnel? | Median nerve, tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis, tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and the tendon of flexor pollicis longus |
| What are the thenar muscles? | Opponens Pollicis, Abductor Pollicis Brevis, Flexor Pollicis Brevis |
| What are the hypothenar muscles? | Opponens digiti minimi, abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digiti minimi |
| What nerve supplies the thenar muscles? | Median nerve |
| What never supplies the hypothenar muscles? | Ulnar nerve |
| What are the attachments of adductor pollicis transverse head? | Shaft of 3rd metacarpal |
| What are the attachments of adductor pollicis oblique head? | 2nd and 3rd metacarpals and capitate |
| What passes between the two heads of adductor pollicis? | Radial artery |
| What does adductor pollicis insert into? | Ulnar aspect of thumb's proximal phalange |
| What nerve branch supplies adductor pollicis? | The deep branch of the ulnar nerve |
| What are the tendons of the long flexors? | Flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum produndus and flexor pollicis longus |
| Where does flexor digitorum superficialis insert? | The proximal phalange |
| Where do the tendons of flexor digitorum profundus and pollicis longus insert? | The distal phalanges |
| What is the purpose of flexor tendon sheaths? | To provide tendon blood supply and pulleys that prevent bowstringing |
| What are the lumbricals? | 4 muscles on the palmar aspect that attach to tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus. |
| What is the action of the lumbricals? | Fine motor flexion and extension for writing |
| What are the first 2 lateral lumbricals innervated by? | Median nerve |
| Why are the lateral lumbricals considered unipennate? | They have only one attachment to the radial aspect of the flexor digitorum profundus tendons |
| What are the 2 medial lumbricals innervated by? | Ulnar nerve |
| Why are the medial lumbricals considered bipennate? | They have 2 attachment heads to the tendons of FDP |
| What are the palmar interossei muscles? | 4 unipennate muscles that adduct the fingers |
| Where do the palmar interossei attach? | The palmar surface of the 1st, 2nd, 4th and 5th metacarpals |
| Where do the palmar interossei insert? | Into the extensor expansions which are parts of the dorsal aponeurosis |
| Where do the lumbricals insert? | The extensor hood which is part of the dorsal aponeurosis |
| What nerve branch supplies the palmar interossei? | The deep branch of the ulnar nerve |
| What are the dorsal interossei? | Bipennate muscles that abduct the fingers |
| Where do the dorsal interossei attach? | The metacarpals on either side of the muscle |
| Where do the dorsal interossei insert? | The 2nd, 3rd and 4th digits with the 3rd having two insertions |
| Which nerve branch supplies the dorsal interossei? | The deep branch of the ulnar nerve |
Created by:
Birubu