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Soil Science Exam 5

QuestionAnswer
The point where the water is held so tightly within the soil that plants cannot obtain the water. a. saturation b. gravitational water c. hydroscopic water d. field capacity e. permanent wilting point e. permanent wilting point
________is the movement of water into the soil profile from the soil surface. a. permeability b. percolation c. hydraulic conductivity d. infiltration e. none d. infiltration
________is how quickly water moves downward through the soil profile. a. runoff b. percolation c. permeability d. infiltration e. b and c c. permeability
The forces that hold available water within the soil profile and allows horizontal and upward water movement. a. gravitational b. arterial c. capillary d. hygroscopic e. none c. capillary
The soil water content that is the maximum amount of water that soil can store. a. saturation b. gravitational water c. hydroscopic water d. field capacity e. permanent wilting point d. field capacity
Which of the following soil textures would hold the most plant available water? a. fine sand b. clay c. silt loam d. gravel c. silt loam
The soil texture particle size that is most susceptible to water and wind erosion. a. sand b. silt c. clay d. gravel e. all are correct b. silt
Which of the following conditions is a potential cause of wind erosion? a. little to no wind b. soil covered with vegetation c. high crop residue levels d. little to no moisture in surface soil e. all are correct d. little to no moisture in surface soil
Which of the following is a potential cause of water erosion? a. long, steep slopes b. bare soil surfaces c. intense rainfall events d. poor water infiltration e. all are correct e. all are correct
Which of the following is evidence that wind erosion is occurring? a. drifted appearance of soil surface b. lakes filling in with sediment c. gully formation d. small rills or channels e. none a. drifted appearance of soil surface
The water that freely moves to beneath the plant root zone within 24 to 48 hours after it is saturated. a. plant available water b. gravitational water c. hydroscopic water d. field capacity e. none are correct d. field capacity
Which of the following is a concern of soil erosion? a. topsoil loss b. sediment deposits damages fish habitat c. eroded materials can obstruct roadways or fill drainage channels d. blowing dust creates safety and health hazards e. all of the above e. all of the above
Which of the following is a concern of soil crusts? a. reduces water infiltration b. restricts seedling emergence c. reduces oxygen diffusion to seedlings d. increases runoff e. all of the above e. all of the above
University of Nebraska data clearly show that tillage causes (more/less) evaporation losses compared to no-till. more
University of Nebraska data clearly show that long-term no-till has (higher/lower) water infiltration rates compared to conventional tillage. higher
Soil crusts can be prevented by (increasing/decreasing) the amount of crop residue on the soil surface. increasing
Crop management strategies that (increase/decrease) aggregate stability reduces soil crusts. increase
Once a soil crust occurs, how can the crust be removed? Rotary hoe Pivot irrigation
Describe 3 specific management strategies that can prevent water and/or wind erosion? Water: -Keeping good residue cover on the soil -Growing winter cover crops -Growing forage crops Wind: -Strip cropping -shelterbelts/wind breaks -terraces
What is the purpose of a sub-surface drainage system? To lower the water table below the root zone
Describe the basic design and layout of a sub-surface drainage system. Tile is put into the soil 30-40 inches deep. Runs lengthwise Can be spaced anywhere between 20-80 ft apart
Created by: user-2010091
 

 



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