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Chemistry

Chemistry 1.1 - 1.3

TermDefinition
Science Science is the study of natural phenomena and how we explain it
Chemistry The study of matter
Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space
Chemical Must have composition of matter, properties of matter, changes of properties, energy associated with change
Organic chemistry Study of carbon-based compounds
Inorganic chemistry Study of non-carbon based compounds
Biochemistry Study of chemical processes of living things/system
Physical chemistry Study of properties and changes of matter and their relationship to energy
Analytical chemistry Analysis of components and composition of materials
Basic research Background research - driven by curiosity
Applied research Research conducted to solve a specific problem
Technological development A process or product that improves quality of life
Mass Measure of amount of inertia
Volume Amount of 3D space an object takes up
Chemical Any substance that has a definite composition
Instruments Help observe and make measurements + help us look at microstructures so we can learn about macrostructures
Classification of Matter Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
Kinetic molecule theory Atoms are in constant motion
Solid Definite volume and shape - atoms not allowed to rearrange. Particles packed together in "fixed" position. Strong attraction force between particles.
Liquid Definite volume but not shape. Takes volume of container. Particles close together and can overlap/move. Fluid.
Gas No fixed volume or shape. Uniformly fits its container. Expandable/compressible. Fluid. Molecules far apart & moving at high speeds. Highest energy.
Plasma Highest temperature physical state of matter in which their atoms lose their electrons. Very high energy. Found in neon lights, stars, and fluorescent bulbs.
Matter Has 2 classes
Pure Substance - 1st class of matter Can't be physically separated, is chemically combined, and has definite composition.
Element - type of pure substance Not separable into simpler substances - the core of everything (ex: helium)
Compounds - type of pure substance Separable into simpler substances (ex: water/ H2O)
Mixture - 2nd class of matter Can be physically separated, is physically combined, variable/multiple composition
Homogenous mixture Uniform throughout (ex. tea with sugar)
Heterogenous mixture Not uniform throughout (ex. wet sand)
Elements Substances that can't be decomposed into simpler substances. Composed of only one kind of atom. 118 known (92 naturally occurring)
Periodic Table Modern organization of elements. Groups/families=similar properties. Periods and series. Three general classes.
Metal (Class) Tend to be grey, high luster (way it reflects), magnetic, good conductor
Non-metal (Class) Not magnetic, usually less dense (than metal), crumbles easily
Metalloid Semi-conductor
Compounds Substances compound of 2 or more elements, definite composition (ex: water), chemically combined. Elements gain new, unique properties.
Mixtures Combinations of 2 or more substances physically combined. Variable composition/ratio (ex: sugar in tea). Substances in mixture maintain their original properties. Can be made of any physical combination of elements and compounds.
Chemically combined A bond that is actually connecting the two atoms
Physically combined In the same area but not quite touching
Alchemy An ancient practice that aims to turn metals into gold. Alchemists would divide substances into certain categories and it's the foundation for modern chemistry today.
Created by: shisal
 

 



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