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Soils Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In 1935 our government formed the Soil Conservation Service (now the NRCS) in response to the famous Dust Bowl of the 1930's. Besides extensive drought, why did the Dust Bowl happen? A) excessive tillage and grazing B) Rapid deforestation | excessive tillage and grazing |
| It is estimated that about 11% of the soil or land in the world allows plant growth without any major limitations. Which of the following is a soil problem that limits plant production? | Chemical problems, Soil too shallow, soil too wet, permafrost. ALL OF THE ABOVE |
| Cumulous is the unique parent material that is composed primarily of organic materials rather than mineral materials. What is the typical location of cumulous parent material? | Wetlands, swamps. |
| This term is used to describe a type of parent material that occurred due to water transport. | Alluvium |
| What is the type of residual parent material rocks that formed by the solidifying of magna or lava? | Igneous |
| Much of Nebraska has a wind deposited parent material that has a high silt content because the wind blew soil deposits away from river beds. What is the term for this type of wind deposited parent material? | Loess |
| This soil horizon is considered the main subsoil layer and represents the zone of accumulation. | B horizon |
| This soil layer is a mixture of organic matter and mineral matter and is the major component in topsoil. | A horizon |
| This soil horizon is a transitional layer where leaching has removed chemical and minerals over time. | E horizon |
| This soil order is found in much of Nebraska and in our neighboring states to the north and south. It is characterized as a soil strongly influenced by the presence of grasslands as native vegetation. | Mollisol |
| The sandhills region of Nebraska is classified as an entisol soil order. What is the characteristic of this soil? | It is a very young soil with shallow topsoil and only a deep layer of sand underneath |
| In order to grow plants, soil is needed. What are 3 reasons that plants need soil? In other words what are 3 essential functions that soil provides to plants? | Anchorage, Storage/ release of nutrients, Supplies oxygen for roots, Releases water |
| List 3 of the five factors that influence soil formation and development. | Parent Material, Climate, Topography, Organisms, Time |
| After a soil has deposited and stabilized, the number one factor that causes soil change over time is leaching. What is leaching? | Water moves chemicals and materials downward through the soil. |
| What are two types of solid fractions that soil contains? | Mineral Matter and Organic Matter |
| Soil includes pore space. What are the 2 important naturally occurring compounds that are present in soil pores? | Water and Air |
| What does it mean that "Life is vital for soil?" | That soil needs organic matter and a significant amount of the organic matter comes from living organisms after they die and decompose. |
| What type of property is soil pH and nutrient content? - chemical -biological -physical | Chemical |
| What type of property is soil mircoorganisms? - chemical -biological -physical | Biological |
| What type of property is the amount of sand, silt, and clay in the soil? - chemical -biological -physical | Physical |
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