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DDX
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hydrocele | Diffuse enlargement, transillumination |
| Varicocele | "bag of worms" |
| Left varicocele may indicate | Kidney issue |
| Male cancer/benign mass | Painless, solid mass, adherent to testis |
| Epididymitis | Tender scrotum, STI/E. coli |
| Prostatitis | Usually E. coli, tender rectal exam |
| Torsion | Younger patient, athletic trigger, absent cremasteric reflex |
| E. coli | dysuria and urgency |
| Primary syphilis | Solitary painless lesion |
| Chlamydia | clear discharge |
| Gonorrhea | mucopurulent discharge |
| Dysuria UTI bug | E. coli |
| Dysuria STI bug | Gonorrhea or Chlamydia |
| Dysuria and lower abdominal pain | UTI |
| Dysuria and flank pain | pyelonephritis |
| Treat pyelonephritis with | Cipro |
| Molar pregnancy | Painless vaginal bleeding, early pregnancy |
| HLLP | anemia, thrombocytopenia, transaminitis |
| Ectopic pregnancy | high HCG without intrauterine pregnancy |
| Abruptio placntae | hard uterus, fetal distress, vaginal bleeding |
| Preeclampsia | hypertension, proteinuria, hyperreflexia |
| Oligohydramnios | small fundal height for gestational age |
| Fever | most likely due to infection, malignancies are rare |
| Rash | Location and morphology are key, most often viral and self-limiting |
| Type 1 growth faltering | most common, nutrition or absorption |
| Type 2 growth faltering | Genetically small stature, thyroid/endocrinopathies |
| Type 3 growth faltering | Trauma in utero, chromosomal defects |
| Erythema infectiosum | fever, "slapped cheek", appearance |
| Pityriasis rosea | "herald patch", Christmas tree pattern rash on trunk |
| Strep throat with scarlet fever | "sand paper rash" |
| Falls | sort syncope us seizure vs mechanical fall |
| Cognition | look out for polypharmacy vs MCI/ dementia v delirium |
| Shortness of breath | consider COPD v anemia v infection |
| Weight loss | consider malignancy v endocrine v intake/absorption |
| Joint pain | remember OA v RA or MSK injury specifics |
| Impaired humeral immunity | Leukemias, multiple myeloma, splenectomy |
| Neutropenia | All HCT patients of first, chronic immunosuppression, acute leukemias |
| Impaired cellular immunity | HIV/AIDS, chronic steroid use, lymphoma |
| HCT | early (unknown), middle (CMV, adeno, fungi), late (VZV, fungus) |
| Solid organ transplant | early (organ itself), middle (surgical site, lines), late (typical infections) |
| TNF inhibitors | RA, lupus, Crohn disease |
| CDF <50 | MAC propholaxis |
| Most common cause of fever | Most common across al pediatric age ranges |
| Causes of fever | Infections, malignancies, autoimmunity, metabolic diseases, chronic inflammatory conditions, medications, CNS abnormalities, overexposure to heat |
| Roseola infantum location | Trunk, spreads peripherally |
| Roseola infantum appearance | Macular to maculopapular |
| Pityriasis rosea location | Trunk bilateral and symmetric, christmas tree |
| Scarlet fever location | Upper trunk, spreads through body, not palms and soles |
| Scarlet fever appearance | Erythematous, blanching, fine macules, resembling a sunburn, sandpaper like |
| Impetigo location | Anywhere, face and extremities are most common |
| Erythema infectiosum location | Anywhere, rarely on oral mucosa |
| Erythema infectiosum appearance | pink papules and macules in a lacy reticular pattern |
| Molluscum location | anywhere but not typically mucosa |
| Molluscum appearance | flesh-colored or pearly white, small papules with central umbilication |
| Tinea infection location | anywhere |
| Tinea infection appearance | Alopecia, erythema annular patch, central clearing |
| Atopic dermatitis location | Extensor surfaces of extremities, cheeks, and scalp in infants and younger children; flexor surfaces in older children |
| Atopic dermatitis appearance | Erythematous plaques, excoriation, severely dry skin, scaling vesicular lesions |
| Lesions you want to know | Location and morphology |
| Rash red flags | Blistering or sloughing, diarrhea or abd pain, fever and inconsolable, petechia and purpura, urticaria w respiratory distress |
Created by:
kendallmk