Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Skin Pathologies
Pathology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what virus causes cold sores and fever blisters? | herpes simplex virus |
| what virus causes chickenpox and shingles? | varicella-zoster virus |
| what chronic disease is characterized by hardening and tightening of the skin and connective tissues? | scleroderma |
| what chronic autoimmune disease causes accelerated skin cell turnover, leading to itchy, scaly plaques? | psoriasis |
| what common premalignant skin condition occurs on sunlight-exposed areas? | actinic keratosis |
| what deep bacterial infection of hair follicles causes painful, pus-filled lumps? | furuncle (boil/carbuncle) |
| what marks are left on the skin after the body repairs wounds caused by surgery, injuries, or disease? | scars |
| what virus causes warts? | human papillomavirus (HPV) |
| what term describes a condition that resolves on its own without treatment? | self-limiting |
| what condition involves a hyperactive immune response leading to a hypersensitive skin barrier, redness, itching, and cracked skin? | eczema / atopic dermatits |
| what progressive inflammatory skin condition causes facial redness? | rosacea |
| what bacterial infection clogs hair follicles and sebaceous glands, producing comedones? | acne |
| what chronic inflammatory condition affects skin with numerous sebaceous glands (scalp, face, axillae, chest, groin)? | seborrheic dermatitis |
| what type of swelling occurs when fluid moves from blood vessels into interstitial spaces, with intact lymphatics? | edema |
| what swelling occurs due to removed or damaged lymphatic structures? | lymphedema |
| what method uses gravity to stimulate fluid movement from a higher to a lower area? | dependent drainage |
| what type of edema leaves an indentation after firm pressure for 2-3 seconds? | pitting edema |
| what cancer affects the lymphatic system? | non-Hdgkin lymphoma |
| what bacterial infection affects the skin and underlying tissues, often as a complication of lymphedema? | cellulitis |
| what bacterial infection affects the lymph vessels? | lymphangitis |
| what type of edema affects the upper or lower extremities? | peripheral edema |
| what swelling of subcutaneous tissues is associated with allergic reactions? | angioedema |
| what extreme generalized edema occurs with serious conditions like preeclampsia, liver, renal, or heart failure? | anasarca |
| what abdominal swelling is caused by fluid accumulation in the peritoneal cavity? | ascites |
| what measured body temperature indicates fever? | 38 degrees celsius |
| what is the body's response to demands placed on it by stressors, triggering sympathetic arousal? | stress |
| what is an overwhelming, irrational fear of an object or situation with no real danger? | specific phobia |
| what defense mechanism suppresses memories that cause anxiety from conflicting values, seen in PTSD? | compartmentalization |
| what term describes disturbances in cognition, emotional regulation, or behavior due to dysfunctional processes? | mental disorder |
| what abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, or dreams occur during sleep or waking transitions? | parasomnia |
| what condition involves fear of open/enclosed spaces, crowds, or being away from home due to panic risk? | agoraphobia |
| what late-stage anxiety disorder involves distress after experiencing or witnessing traumatic events? | post traumatic stress disorder |
| what term describes personal emotional expressions such as anger, fear, joy, sadness, surprise? | affect |
| what state allows individuals to recognize potential, cope with stress, work productively, and contribute to community? | mental health |
| what disorder involves persistent upsetting thoughts and uncontrollable repetitive behaviors to relieve anxiety? | obsessive compulsive disorder |
| what sudden, vivid memory of past events produces extreme anxiety or panic? | flashback |
| what term describes thinking about, considering, or planning suicide? | suicidal ideations |
| what severe anxiety occurs immediately or within 1 month after traumatic events? | acute stress disorder |
| what eating disorder involves abnormally low weight through self-starvation to prevent weight gain? | anorexia nervosa |
| what disorder involves binge eating with distress, without compensatory behaviors? | binge eating disorder |
| what mood disorder involves episodes of depression and mania? | bipolar disorder |
| what eating disorder involves binge eating followed by purging behaviors like vomiting? | bulimia nervosa |
| what mild bipolar disorder involves depressive and hypomanic symptoms lasting 2 or more years in adults, 1 in adolescents? | cyclothymic disorder |
| what emotional disturbances involve prolonged sadness, emptiness, or mania impairing function? | mood disorders |
| what sudden brief episode involves intense fear and anxiety without real danger? | panic attack |
| what depressive disorder begins after childbirth and lasts for 2 or more weeks? | postpartum depression |
| what depressive mood disorder occurs seasonally, usually in fall/winter? | seasonal affective disorder |
| what disorder involves persistent use of substances despite adverse consequences? | substance use disorder |
| what term describes death caused by self-directed injurious behavior with intent to die? | suicide |
| what causes eczema/atopic dermatitis? | chronic inflammatory skin condition due to overactive immune response, making skin sensitive to irritants |
| what are common symptoms of eczema? | itching, redness, dry/cracked skin |
| what are common triggers of eczema? | stress/anxiety, temperature changes, increased humidity |
| what is the massage contraindication for eczema? | local contraindication |
| what causes psoriasis | accelerated skin cell proliferation leading to thick patches forming |
| what condition can develop from moderate-severe psoriasis? | psoriatic arthritis |
| what precaution is needed for joint affected by psoriatic arthritis? | no PROM |
| what is the clinical course of psoriasis? | exacerbation and remission periods |
| what are common triggers of psoriasis? | trauma and stress |
| what is the massage contraindication for psoriasis? | local contraindication |
| what is contact dermatitis? | skin inflammation at site of contact with an agent |
| what causes irritant dermatits? | irritants such as bleach, detergents, soaps, shampoos; most common dermatitis |
| what causes allergic dermatitis: | allergens such as nickel, latex, plants |
| what is the massage contraindication for contact dermatitis? | local contraindication; essential oils increase risk |
| what is seborrheic dermatitis? | chronic inflammatory condition of skin with numerous sebaceous glands (scalp, face, axillae, chest, groin) |
| what is dandruff? | seborrheic dermatitis on the scalp; cradle cap in infants |
| what massage precautions apply to seborrheic dermatitis? | inquire about reaction triggers; use thin water-based lubricants |
| what is rosacea? | progressive inflammatory skin condition causing facial redness in the middle third of the face (nose, cheeks, chin) |
| who is most commonly affected by rosacea? | adults aged 30-50 with fair skin |
| what are common symptoms of rosacea? | redness, pus-filled bumps, skin thickening (esp. nose -> rhinophyma) |
| what are common triggers of rosacea? | spice, alcohol, caffeine, extreme temp, stress |
| what massage precautions apply to rosacea? | yellow flag; avoid heat; pustules = local contraindication |
| what is lichen planus? | chronic inflammatory condition of skin/mucous membranes with itchy, flat-topped purple lesions (trunk, forearms, wrists, legs, ankles) |
| what is common in healed areas of lichen planus? | post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (dark spots) |
| what are triggers of lichen planus? | immune dysfunction, medications, infection, allergens |
| what is oral lichen planus? | lichen planus with white lacy patches in the mouth |
| what causes scleroderma? | chronic autoimmune disease with overproduction/accumulation of collagen -> fibrosis and inflammation of skin/connective tissue |
| what are the two types of scleroderma? | localized (skin/superficial fascia) and systemic (internal organs) |
| what are common symptoms of scleroderma? | skin hardening/tightening/thickening, joint pain/stiffness, digestive issues, shortness of breath |
| what phenomenon is associated with scleroderma? | Raynaud's phenomenon (phalanges turn white/blue in response to cold? |
| what massage precautions apply to scleroderma? | use slow, light pressure; keep client warm |
| what causes hives/urticaria? | allergic reactions, commonly affecting face, lips, eyelids, hands, feet |
| what are common symptoms of hives? | angioedema, itching, redness |
| what is the massage contraindication for hives? | contraindicated during allergic cases; local contraindication if chronic or stress-related |
| what are epidermoid cysts? | common, benign yellowish growths beneath skin, usually containing keratin |
| what causes epidermoid cysts? | blocked hair follicles/sebaceous glands, trauma, genetics, acne |
| what is the massage contraindication for epidermoid cysts? | local contraindication |
| what are skin tags? | benign skin growths resembling a flap of skin, found where skin rubs against material or other skin |
| what massage precaution applies to skin tags? | inquire about sensitivity over affected areas |
| what causes a bruise/contusion? | broken capillaries leading to discoloration |
| what are subcutaneous bruises? | bruises beneath the skin |
| what is senile purpura | bruising caused by blood disorders of fragile skin/blood vessels, common in older adults |
| what is the massage implication for bruises? | local contraindication if painful |
| what are scars? | marks left on skin from collagen fibers after a wound heals |
| what are adhesions? | bands of scar tissue binding two or more tissue layers together, common in surgical scars |
| what are effects of adhesions? | impaired mobility, pain, restricted movement, dysfunction |
| what are the phases of scar formation? | inflammation (swollen, warm, red, painful), proliferation (Red, Raised, Rigid), remodeling (soft, flat, less pliable, lacks pigment/glands/hair) |
| what are types of abnormal scars? | hypertrophic (elevated, within wound), keloid (elevated, beyond wound) contracture (skin tightens/contracts, common in burns) |
| what are massage implications for scars? | local contraindication until dry/remodeling (~8 weeks); use friction/skin rolling as tolerated, discontinue if red/warm/painful; refer to HCP if complications |
| what causes stretch marks? | rapid overexpansion of skin -> collagen buildup, thinning, atrophy |
| what areas are commonly affected by stretch marks? | breasts, hips, thighs, buttocks, abdomen |
| what colours can stretch marks appear as? | red, purple, pink, silver, white |
| what is the implication for stretch marks? | light pressure; massage will not reduce or minimize them |
| what causes burns | tissue damage from heat, radiation, sun, chemicals, electrical contact |
| what is debridement? | removal of dead/damaged tissue to prevent infection and promote healing |
| 1st degree burn affects: | epidermis only, no scar (e.g. mild sunburn) |
| 2nd degree burn affects: | epidermis + upper dermis, scar may remain |
| 3rd degree burn affects: | full thickness (epidermis, dermis, follicles, glands, may extend to subcutaneous tissue) |
| 4th degree burn affects: | full thickness extending to muscle or bone |
| what is massage implication for burns? | local contraindication until healed |
| what causes corns and calluses? | thick, hard skin formed in response to friction/pressure -> excess keratin |
| what are corns? | hard, glassy core surrounded by thickened skin, often on bony areas |
| what are calluses? | larger than corns, surrounded by dry/flaky skin, form on areas of repeated friction/pressure |
| what is the massage precaution for corn/calluses? | adjust pressure as tolerated |
| what are decubitus ulcers? | pressure injuries on skin and underlying tissues, often over bony prominences |
| stage I decubitus ulcers are characterized by: | nonblanchable intact red/dark skin |
| stage II decubitus ulcers are characterized by: | loss of epidermis and dermis |
| stage III decubitus ulcers are characterized by: | loss of hypodermis and fascia |
| stage IV decubitus ulcers are characterized by: | necrosis of muscle, bone, joints |
| what are complications of pressure ulcers? | infection risk (osteomyelitis, sepsis), may need debridement or reconstruction, impaired mobility/function |
| what are at-risk areas of decubitus ulcers for bedridden clients? | back of head, scapulae, elbows, sacrum, heels |
| what are at-risk areas for chair-bound clients? | scapulae, sacrum, ischial tuberosities, popliteal areas, plantar surface |
| what is the massage implication for pressure ulcers? | local contraindication at at-risk areas; complete contraindication if discharge/foul odor -> refer to HCP |
| what are lice? | tiny wingless insects contracted by direct contact, infesting scalp, body, pubic area |
| what are symptoms of lice? | intense itching, visible live/nits, red bumps |
| what are scabies? | microscopic mites burrowing into skin, contracted by prolonged direct contact, infesting hands, wrists, elbows, armpits, waistline, genitals, between fingers |
| what are symptoms of scabies? | intense itching, pimple-like rash, burrows, sores |
| What are hemangiomas? | Vascular growths caused by abnormal blood vessel development |
| what are examples of hemangiomas? | Cherry/strawberry hemangiomas, port wine stains, stork bites, Angel kisses |
| what causes age spots | excess melanin production due to sun exposure over time |
| who is most commonly affected by age spots | fair skinned individuals |
| what do age spots look like | flat brown-black patches on the skin |
| what is vitiligo / leukoderma? | a regular Milky white patches of depigmented skin due to loss of melanocytes |
| what is albinism? | rare congenital condition with partial or complete lack of melanin |
| What are features of albinism | strikingly pale skin, hair, pale blue or pink eyes (visible blood vessels) |
| what are tattoos? | indelible ink placed in the dermis to create permanent images, designs, or words |
| what causes birthmarks or moles? | dense collection of melanocytes (pigment-producing cells) |
| what are examples of bithmarks/moles? | blue spots, cafe au lait spots, hemangiomas |
Created by:
lawtonv