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Europe Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Peninsula | a piece of land almost surrounded by water or projecting out into a body of water. |
| Uplands | an area of high or hilly land. |
| Polder | a low-lying tract of land that forms an artificial hydrological entity, enclosed by embankments known as dikes. |
| Bay | an inlet of the sea or other body of water usually smaller than a gulf. |
| Fjord | a long, narrow, deep inlet of the sea between high cliffs, as in Norway and Iceland, typically formed by submergence of a glaciated valley. |
| Canal | an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation. |
| Waterway | navigable bodies of water that facilitate the transportation of goods and logistics activities. |
| Ecosystem | a community of living organisms (plants, animals and microbes) in a particular area. |
| Marine Reserve | a highly protected type of MPA where removing or destroying natural or cultural resources is prohibited. |
| Democracy | rule by the people. |
| City-State | an independent city — and sometimes its surrounding land — which has its own government, completely separate from nearby countries. |
| Golden Age | a time of prosperity, peace, cultural production, achievement, and political stability of a society. |
| Philosopher | a person who offers views or theories on profound questions in ethics, metaphysics, logic, and other related fields. |
| Plebeian | one of the common people, esp one of the Roman plebs. |
| Aqueduct | a watercourse constructed to carry water from a source to a distribution point far away. |
| Feudal System | a social and economic system defined by inherited social ranks, each of which possessed inherent social and economic privileges and obligations. |
| Navigations | the act or practice of navigating. |
| Natural Rights | those that are not dependent on the laws or customs of any particular culture or government, and so are universal, fundamental and inalienable. |
| Nationalism | the belief that your own country is better than all others. |
| Guillotine | an apparatus designed for effectively carrying out executions by beheading. |
| Reparations | the act of making amends, offering expiation, or giving satisfaction for a wrong or injury. |
| Factory System | a new way of organizing labour made necessary by the development of machines which were too large to house in a worker's cottage. |
| Republic | a state in which political power rests with the public (people), typically through their representatives. |
| Navigable | deep enough and wide enough to afford passage to ships. |
| Radical | (especially of change or action) relating to or affecting the fundamental nature of something; far-reaching or thorough. |
| Rhine River | a major European river carrying more traffic than any other river in the world; flows into the North Sea. |
| Alps | a crescent shaped geographic feature of central Europe that ranges in an 800 km (500 mi) arc (curved line) from east to west and is 200 km (120 mi) in width. |
| Danube River | an Old European river name derived from the Celtic 'Danu' or 'Don' (both Celtic gods), which itself derived from the Proto-Indo-European *deh₂nu. |
| Acropolis | a home to kings, a citadel, a mythical home of the gods, a religious center and a tourist attraction. "high city" |
| Reformation | the action or process of reforming an institution or practice. |
| Renaissance | a period in European civilization that was marked by a revival of Classical learning and wisdom. |
| Industrial Revolution | transformed economies that had been based on agriculture and handicrafts into economies based on large-scale industry, mechanized manufacturing, and the factory system. |
| Enlightenment | the act or means of enlightening. |
| John Locke | English philosopher and political theorist. |
| Reign of Terror | a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular the period of the Terror during the French Revolution. |
| Great Depression | a severe, world -wide economic disintegration symbolized in the United States by the stock market crash on "Black Thursday", October 24, 1929. |
| Treaty of Versailles | subjected Germany to strict punitive measures. |
| Cold War | a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare. |
| Iron Curtain | the imaginary line dividing Europe between Soviet influence and Western influence. |
| Berlin Wall | designed to prevent people from escaping to the West from East Berlin. |
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