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GI Tract

TermDefinition
Oral Cavity The mouth; where food enters, is chewed, and mixed with saliva to begin digestion.
Pharynx The throat; passageway that connects the mouth to the esophagus.
Epiglottis A flap of tissue that closes over the windpipe during swallowing to prevent choking.
Esophagus A muscular tube that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach through peristalsis.
Stomach A muscular organ that churns food and mixes it with acid and enzymes to break it down.
Small Intestine The main site of nutrient digestion and absorption.
Duodenum First part of the small intestine; receives food from the stomach and digestive juices from the liver and pancreas.
Jejunum Middle part of the small intestine; absorbs nutrients.
Ileum Last part of the small intestine; absorbs remaining nutrients and bile salts.
Cecum A pouch at the beginning of the large intestine that receives material from the ileum.
Large Intestine Absorbs water and forms solid waste.
Ascending Colon Moves waste upward on the right side of the abdomen.
Transverse Colon Moves waste across the upper abdomen.
Descending Colon Moves waste downward on the left side.
Sigmoid Colon S-shaped section that stores feces before the rectum.
Rectum Stores feces until it is ready to be eliminated.
Anus Opening where stool exits the body.
Salivary Glands Produce saliva to begin digestion and help swallowing.
Teeth Break down food mechanically by chewing.
Tongue Helps move food, aids in swallowing, and contains taste buds.
Uvula Small tissue at the back of the throat that helps prevent food from entering the nose.
Liver Produces bile, detoxifies chemicals, and processes nutrients
Pancreas Produces digestive enzymes and hormones like insulin.
Appendix A small pouch connected to the cecum; plays a minor immune role.
Upper Esophageal Sphincter Controls the entry of food into the esophagus.
Lower Esophageal (Cardiac) Sphincter Prevents stomach acid from moving back into the esophagus.
Pyloric Sphincter Controls the release of partially digested food from the stomach into the duodenum.
Created by: user-1969927
 

 



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