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ch 8a.2 hc
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| abduction | movement away from the median plane of the body |
| adduction | movement toward the median plane of the body |
| circumduction | movement in a circular direction |
| extension | to straighten |
| flexion | to bend |
| pronation | turning the hand so the palm faces downward or backward |
| rotation | motion around a central axis |
| supination | turning the palm or foot upward |
| scoliosis | a lateral curvature |
| lordosis | an inward curvature of the lumbar area |
| kyphosis | rounded bowing of the thoracic area |
| simple fracture | a bone break where the skin remains unbroken |
| compound fracture | occurs when the broken bone pierces the skin |
| incomplete fracture | a partial break that does not extend entirely across the bone |
| comminuted fracture | fracture's rough surface or a break in an irregularly shaped bone |
| spiral fracture | a bone break caused by a twisting or rotational force |
| parotid gland salivary | the largest salivary glands |
| liver | located in the upper right quadrant under the diaphragm, produces thick green liquid called bile |
| gall bladder | small green organ located on the inferior side of the liver |
| small intestine | also known as the small bowel, it consists of 3 parts duodenum, jejunum, ileum |
| appendix | a small, tube-like piece of tissue attached to the large intestine |
| pharynx | a muscle-lined, funnel-shaped passageway that connects the nose and mouth to the larynx and esophagus |
| esophagus | a strong muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach |
| diaphragm | dome-shaped sheet of muscle that separates the thoracic (chest) cavity from the abdominopelvic cavity |
| stomach | a muscular, elastic bag that fits under the diaphragm on the left side of the abdomen |
| pancreas | located posterior to the stomach, excretes pancreatic digestive enzymes to the duodenum |
| large intestine | absorbs any liquid that the small intestine did not |
| rectum | the lower, terminal part of the large intestine. |
| Long bones | Bones that are longer than they are wide |
| short bones | Bones that are roughly equal in length and width |
| flat bones | Broad, thin bones that are often curved and provide protection and support |
| irregular bones | Bones with complex and unique shapes |
| sesamoid bones | Bones formed in a tendon where it passes over a joint |
| axial skeleton | The bones that form the main trunk of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage. |
| appendicular skeleton | The bones that form the extremities |
| diaphysis | The long shaft or main portion of a long bone. |
| epiphysis | The end or extremity of a long bone. |
| periosteum | A tough, double-layered membrane that covers the outside of bone, except at the joints. |
| endosteum | A thin layer of cells that lines the medullary cavity within a bone. |
| medullary cavity | The central cavity within the diaphysis of a long bone that contains yellow marrow |
| compact boen | The dense, hard bone tissue found beneath the outer membrane of a bone |
| spangy bone | Bone tissue with many small spaces |
| red marrow | Soft connective tissue found in some bones |
| articular cartilage | Hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of bones in synovial joints |
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