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APush 20-21

20-21

TermDefinition
(1861) Fort Sumpter Federal fort in Charleston, South Carolina, attacked by Confederates in April 1861, they were the first shots of the Civil War; rallied Northern support for war.
(1807-1870) Robert E. Lee Confederate general, commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. Brilliant strategist, led major battles like Antietam and Gettysburg, symbol of Southern resistance.
(1860s) "A Rich Man's War but a Poor Man's Fight" Showed class tensions in the South; poorer men fought while rich could avoid service.
(1861-1865) Border States Slave states (Missouri, Kentucky, Maryland, Delaware) That stayed in the Union. Crucial for Union strategy; Lincoln worked hard to keep them loyal.
(1863) $300 Men Nickname for wealthy Northerners who paid $300 to avoid the draft. Sparked anger among working-class men, leading to riots.
(1861-1865) Billy Yank and Johnny Reb Nicknames for Union soldiers (Billy Yank) and Confederate soldiers (Johnny Reb). Represented the common soldier on both sides of the war.
(1863) New York Draft Riots Violent protests in New York City against Union draft laws. Showed racial and class tensions; over 100 people killed.
(1860s) "The Fortunes of War" Phrase describing hardships soldiers faced, including disease, hunger, and death. Highlighted the brutal reality of Civil War life beyond battles.
(first 1861) Battle of Bull Run First major battles of the Civil War, near Washington, D.C. Confederate victory shocked the North, proved war would be long and bloody.
(1862) Second Battle of Bull Run Confederate victory under Robert E. Lee in Virginia. Strengthened Confederate morale, set stage for Lee's invasion of the North.
(1863 onward) "Abolition War" Term used after Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. Shifted Union's war aim from just preserving the Union to ending Slavery.
(1863) Battle of Gettysburg Three-day battle in Pennsylvania, Union victory. Turning point of the war; Lee's invasion of the North failed.
(1863) Siege of Vicksburg Union victory under Grant, capturing Mississippi River stronghold. Split the Confederacy in two, major Union strategic win.
(1860s) Copperheads Northern Democrats who opposed the war and wanted peace with the South. Criticized Lincoln's policies, seen as traitors by Union supporters.
(1864-1865) "Blood and Guts Campaign" Nickname for Grant's aggressive war strategy against Lee. Showed Union's willingness to endure heavy losses to win.
(1862) Battle of Antietam Battle in Maryland, bloodiest single day of the war. Union victory allowed Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
(1861-1865) Home Guards Local militia units protecting towns and enforcing laws. Helped maintain order but often clashed with deserters and civilians.
(1863) Gettysburg Address Famous speech by Lincoln at Gettysburg cemetery dedication. Redefined war as a fight for freedom and equality, not just Union survival.
(1864) Sherman's March to the Sea Union General William T. Sherman's destructive march through Georgia. Used "total war" tactics, breaking Southern morale.
(1808-1875) Andrew Johnson Vice president under Lincoln, became president after assassination. Oversaw Reconstruction, clashed with Congress, impeached but not removed.
(1865) Appomattox Court House Site in Virginia where Lee surrendered to Grant. Ended the Civil War.
(1861-1865) Union Blockade` Naval blockade of Southern ports by Union Navy. Cut off Confederate trade, weakened Southern economy.
(1863) Emancipation Proclamation Executive order by Lincoln freeing enslaved people in Confederate states. Changed war's purpose, encouraged Black enlistment, prevented European support for Confederacy.
(1862) Battle of Fredericksburg Union defeat in Virginia against Lee's forces. Showed strength of Confederate defenses, heavy Union losses.
(1822-1885) Ulysses S. Grant Union general, later 18th U.S. president. Won key battles (Vicksburg, Appomattox), used "total war" strategy to defeat Confederacy.
(1864-1865) Total War Military strategy targeting not just armies but civilian resources. Sherman and Grant used it to break Southern will to fight.
(1864) Bayonet Vote Term for soldiers voting in the 1864 election while serving. Helped Lincoln win reelection, showing army support for Union cause.
(1838-1865) John Wilkes Booth Actor who assassinated Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre. Part of larger Confederate plot Lincoln's death shocked the nation.
Created by: user-2010133
 

 



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