control center of the body overseeing all communication among the organ systems

receives stimuli via millions of sensory receptors throughout the body

processes the input stimuli and decides what should be done

activates effector organs to cause a response

excitable cells that respond to stimuli by conducting impulses to transit signals

supportive cells that provide nutrition, insulation, and help with signal transmission

the life support containing the nucleus and most organelles (such as tons of mitochondria)

the main receptor of signals; input region

generates and transmits nerve impulses; the conducting region, also known as a nerve fiber

the end of the axon that releases neurotransmitters at a synapse when a nerve impulse is received, the secretory region

covers long axons to protect and electrically insulate them to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission

collection of nerve cells bodies located in the body

bundles of axons that extend from brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body

unmyelinated gaps in the myelin sheath that aid in increasing the velocity of nerve signal conduction

the number of extensions from the cell body

meaning more than 3 processes (1 axon and 2 or more dendrites)

2 processes (1 axon and 1 dendrite on opposite ends of the cell)

1 process dividing from the cell body like a T

based on the way the impulse travels through a neuron

afferent, transmit information from sensory receptors (mostly unipolar)

efferent, transport information from CNS to rest of the body (mostly multipolar)

associated, housed in the CNS and transport information between the sensory and motor neurons (mostly multipolar)

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nervous system quiz

Term	Definition
nervous system	control center of the body overseeing all communication among the organ systems
sensory input	receives stimuli via millions of sensory receptors throughout the body
integration	processes the input stimuli and decides what should be done
motor output	activates effector organs to cause a response
neurons	excitable cells that respond to stimuli by conducting impulses to transit signals
neuroglia	supportive cells that provide nutrition, insulation, and help with signal transmission
soma (cell body)	the life support containing the nucleus and most organelles (such as tons of mitochondria)
dendrites	the main receptor of signals; input region
axon	generates and transmits nerve impulses; the conducting region, also known as a nerve fiber
axon terminals	the end of the axon that releases neurotransmitters at a synapse when a nerve impulse is received, the secretory region
myelin sheath	covers long axons to protect and electrically insulate them to increase the speed of nerve impulse transmission
ganglion	collection of nerve cells bodies located in the body
nerves	bundles of axons that extend from brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body
nodes of ranvier	unmyelinated gaps in the myelin sheath that aid in increasing the velocity of nerve signal conduction
processes	the number of extensions from the cell body
multipolar	meaning more than 3 processes (1 axon and 2 or more dendrites)
bipolar	2 processes (1 axon and 1 dendrite on opposite ends of the cell)
unipolar	1 process dividing from the cell body like a T
functional	based on the way the impulse travels through a neuron
structural	the number of proccesses
sensory neurons	afferent, transmit information from sensory receptors (mostly unipolar)
motor neurons	efferent, transport information from CNS to rest of the body (mostly multipolar)
interneurons	associated, housed in the CNS and transport information between the sensory and motor neurons (mostly multipolar)

Created by: ebstaley

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