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Final Chp 17
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| ecosystem | -living and non-living species in an environment |
| biotic environment | -the living organisms within an area -often referred to as a community |
| abiotic (physical) | -the chemical resources and physical conditions in an area -often referred to as the habitat |
| biomes | -the largest of the ecosystems -terrestrial: climate (forest, desert) -aquatic: depth, water movement (lake, ponds, oceans) |
| temperate grasslands | -climate: hot summers, cold winters, somewhat dry -vegetation: dominated by grass, wildfires common |
| temperate deciduous forest | -climate: hot summers, cold winters, regular rainfall -vegetation: dominated by deciduous trees |
| variety in temp and precipitation around the world | -round shape of the earth -light from the sun hits unevenly -precipitation varies due to uneven heating -sun shines directly on earths equator |
| formation of rain | 1. air is heated and rises (solar heat hits the earth) 2. rising air cools (the hot air rises and cools as it does) 3. cooling air loses moisture (clouds form, rain falls) |
| formation of deserts | 1. warm air rises away from earth and cools 2. cool air falls towards earth's surface and becomes warmer 3. air moves down towards earth's surface and becomes warmer and holds more moisture |
| local topography | -topography: physical features of the land -mountain, rivers, lakes, ocean, city -affect rain shadows, cities trap heat, oceans currents moderate temperatures |
| formation of rain shadows | 1. wind blows from the ocean towards land, rising when it hits mountains 2. rising air cools, less moisture=clouds and rain 3. air passes over mountain top and falls, become warmer and more moisture= less rainfall and dry |
| energy | -capacity to do work -during energy conversion heat is lost so organisms need to more energy -energy flows through ecosystems |
| energy flow: producers | -energy from the sun is intercepted and converted into chemical energy and passes through ecosystem is 4 stops 1. producer: plants convert light through photosynthesis |
| energy flow: primary consumers | -herbivores: animals who eat plants |
| energy flow: secondary consumers | -carnivores: animals that eat herbivores |
| energy flow: tertiary consumers | -top carnivores: animals that eat other carnivores |
| decomposers | -eat anything that dies and release chemical components that can be reused by plants |
| energy pyramid | -10% rule: only 10% of energy is transferred from one level to the next -start at tertiary and go down to producers |
| niche competition | -when grown alone=okay -when grown together they overlap 1. competitive exclusion: one species drives the other to extinction 2. resource partitioning: each species alter its use of the niche |
| competition and character displacement | -when natural selection reduces competition between 2 species by producing an evolutionary divergence |
| how prey adapt to predators (physical) | 1. mechanical: physical structures (quills) 2. chemical: toxins 3. warning coloration: organisms that produce toxic chemicals typically have bright features 4. camouflage: cryptic coloration |
| how prey adapt to predators (behavioral) | 1. hiding or escaping 2. fighting back |
| how predators adapt to their prey | -mimicry -toxin immunity |
| parasites | -abnormal predators -parasitism: symbiotic relationship in which one species (parasite) benefits and the other is harmed (the host) 1. ectoparasites: live ON their host 2. endoparasites: live IN their host |
| parasite ingenuity | -rabies parasite |
| non-negative species interaction | - mutalism: both benefit (bumblebee and flower) -commensalism: one species benefits, but the other neither benefits nor is harmed |
| succession | -nature responds to a disturbance through a process of gradual change 1. primary succession: occurs when an area has no life and no soil 2. secondary succession: occurs when an established habitat is disturbed but some life and soil remain |
| keystone species | -has a disproportionately large impact on species in a community -sea star |
Created by:
tcas