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Stack #4590611
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What does “biology” mean? | the study of living things. |
| 2a. What is homeostasis? | Homeostasis = maintaining a stable internal environment. |
| 2b. What is metabolism? | Metabolism = all chemical reactions in the body. |
| 2c. What is evolution? | Evolution = change in a species over time. |
| 3. What are the 8 characteristics of living things? | 8 characteristics: cells, DNA, use energy, grow, reproduce, respond, maintain homeostasis, evolve. |
| 4. What is the difference between growth and development? | Growth = getting bigger; development = changing form/function. |
| 5. Compare asexual and sexual reproduction. | Asexual = 1 parent, identical offspring; sexual = 2 parents, diverse offspring |
| 6. Compare stimulus and response + give 3 examples. | Stimulus = cause; response = effect. Examples: touch-hot stove → pull away; light → pupils shrink; cold → shiver. |
| 7. Give 3 situations where organisms maintain homeostasis. | 7. Sweating, shivering, blood sugar regulation. |
| 8. What are the main steps of the scientific method? | Steps: question, research, hypothesis, experiment, analyze, conclude. |
| 9a. What is an observation? | Observation = using senses. |
| 9b. What is an inference? | Inference = interpretation of observation. |
| 9c. What is a hypothesis? | Hypothesis = testable explanation. |
| 9d. What is a control group? | Control group = used for comparison. |
| 9e. What is a theory? | Theory = well-tested explanation. |
| 10. Compare independent vs. dependent variables. | Independent = changed on purpose; dependent = measured. |
| 11. Difference between qualitative and quantitative data + examples. | Qualitative = description (“red”); quantitative = numbers (5 cm). |
| 12. What goes on a bar graph? (Axes, title, labels) | Independent = x-axis; dependent = y-axis; title at top; labels on axes. |
| 13. What is the pH scale and what are acids/bases/neutral? | pH 0–6 acids, 7 neutral, 8–14 bases. |
| 14. What ions are found in acids vs bases? | Acids release H⁺; bases release OH⁻. |
| 15. What happens when an acid or base is placed in water? | They dissociate into ions. |
| 16. Why must pH be controlled in organisms? | pH affects enzymes and cell function. |
| 17. What is a buffer? | Buffer = prevents big pH changes. |
| 18. What are 10 properties of water? | 10 properties: cohesion, adhesion, capillary action, surface tension, high heat capacity, high heat of vaporization, universal solvent, density anomaly (ice floats), polarity, hydrogen bonding. |
| 19. What does it mean that water is polar? | Polar = uneven charge distribution. |
| 20. What are protons, neutrons, electrons, nucleus, electron cloud & their charges? | Proton +, neutron 0, electron –, nucleus = protons + neutrons, electrons in cloud. |
| 21. How many electrons fit in each energy level? | Level 1: 2 electrons; level 2: 8; level 3: 8. |
| 22a. Relationship between element and isotope. | Isotopes are atoms of same element with different neutrons. |
| 22b. Relationship between compound and molecule. | Molecule = 2+ atoms; compound = 2+ elements. |
| 22c. Relationship between ion and ionic bond. | Ion = charged atom; ionic bond = attraction between ions.v |
| 22d. Relationship between molecule and covalent bond. | . Covalent bond forms molecules by sharing electrons. |
| 23. Difference between ionic and covalent bonds + examples. | Ionic = transfer electrons (NaCl); covalent = share electrons (H₂O). |
| 24. Difference between mixture, solution, and suspension. | Mixture = not chemically combined; solution = fully dissolved; suspension = particles float. |
| 25. Compare solvent vs solute + how they make a solution. | Solvent = dissolver; solute = dissolved; together = solution. |
| 26. What is an element square? What is atomic number vs mass number? | Atomic number = protons; mass number = protons + neutrons. |
| 26a. How do you calculate neutrons? | . Neutrons = mass number – atomic number. |
| 27. What are the 4 organic compounds, why they matter, example of each, and what they share in common? | 4 organic compounds: – Carbs (energy; glucose) – Lipids (stored energy; fats) – Proteins (structure; enzymes) – Nucleic acids (genetic info; DNA) All contain carbon. |
| 28. What are the 3 saccharides: mono-, di-, polysaccharides? | Mono = 1 sugar; di = 2; poly = many. |
| 29. Compare saturated, unsaturated, polyunsaturated fats. | Saturated = no double bonds; unsaturated = one double bond; poly = many double bonds. |
| 30. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide? | Nucleotide = sugar + phosphate + base. |
| 31. What are the 2 nucleic acids? | DNA & RNA. |
| 32. What are 3 functions of proteins? | . Protein functions: enzymes, structure, transport. |
| 33. What are the 3 parts of an amino acid? | Amino acid parts: amino group, carboxyl group, R group. |
| 34. What is the role of an enzyme? | Enzyme = speeds up reactions. |
| 35. Compare isotope and isomer. | Isotope = same element, different neutrons; isomer = same formula, different structure. |
| 36. Difference between condensation and hydrolysis. | Condensation = builds molecules by removing water; hydrolysis = breaks molecules by adding water. |
| 37. What do Biuret’s, Benedict’s, and Iodine test for? | Biuret = protein; Benedict’s = sugar; Iodine = starch. |
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