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Science flash cards
Midterm study cards for science
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Matter | matter is anything with mass and takes up space |
| Forces | Influences that cause an object to undergo a change in speed,direction or shape |
| Energy | The capacity to do work or produce change in a system |
| Law of conservation of matter | “Matter cannot be created nor destroyed in a isolated system” |
| Law of conservation of energy | Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed from one form to another |
| Radioactive decay | The process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation |
| Gravity | A force that attracts 2 bodies toward each other, the force that causes objects to fall toward earth |
| WNF | A Funde,Metal force responsible for processes like decay in nuclear physics |
| EMF | The force that holds particles together in the atomic nucleus |
| SNF | Forces associated with electric and magnetic fields responsible for the electromagnetic interaction |
| Quark | Type of elementary particle, and a fundamental constant of matter |
| Nuclear fusion | a nuclear reaction in which atomic nuclei of low atomic number used to heavier nucleus with the release of energy |
| Theory of the formation of the universe | Big Bang theory |
| The four fundamental forces | Gravity, electromagnetism, weak nuclear force, strong nuclear force |
| Nebula | This is what stars start out as a cloud of gas and dust drifting through space |
| Lifespan of a low mass star | Nebula-fusion begins-the stage the sun is in-red giant-planetary nebula-white dwarf-black dwarf |
| Life span of a high mass star | Gas, and dust-Proto star-main sequence star-when the star runs out of fuel and grows large larger-supernova-neutron star-black hole |
| Elements | Substances that consist of only one type of atom and cannot be broken down into simple substances by chemical means |
| Atom | The basic unit of a chemical element consisting of a nucleus surrounded by elements |
| Electrons | Negatively charge particles at orbit the nucleus of an atom |
| Neutrons | Neutral particles found in the nucleus of an atom having no charge |
| Nucleus | The central part of an atom containing protons and neutrons |
| Protons | Positively charged particles found in the nucleus of an atom |
| Atomic number | The number of protons in which the nucleus of an atom determines the elements identify |
| Mass number | The total number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus |
| Groups/family | A column of elements in the periodic table that shares chemical properties |
| Period | A row of elements in the periodic table |
| Isotope | Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, and therefore different mass numbers |
| Ion | An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons |
| Anion | A negatively charged ion formed when an atom gains electrons |
| Cat ion | A positively charge ion formed when an atom loses electrons |
| Metals | Found on the left side/middle have one to three valence electrons and for cations some of the properties include shiny can conduct electricity, malleable, and heat. |
| Nonmetals | Found on the upper right corner of the periodic table have 5 to 8 valence electrons and form anions properties include dull, poor conductors, brittle, and mostly are gases |
| Metalloids | Found on the staircase line properties include both metals and nonmetals metalloid are semi conductors |
| Alkali metals | One valence, electron and form +1 cations these are very reactive |
| Alkali earth metals | Two valence electrons and form +2 cations. These are fairly reactive. |
| HalogensS | Seven valence electrons and form -1 anions very reactive |
| Noble gases | Full valance electron shell and never form ions these are not reactive |
| Compound | A substance formed with two or more elements are chemically bonded together |
| Octet rule | a chemical rule, stating that atoms tend to bond in a way that gives them eight valence electrons becoming more stable |
| Covalent bond/compound | A type of chemical bond where atom share pairs of electrons to achieve stability |
| Ionic bond/compound | A chemical bond formed between two opposite charge ions(metal and nonmetal) |
| Reactivity | How likely a substance is to undergo a chemical reaction or change |
| Valence electrons | Electrons in the outermost shell of an atom that involve in forming bonds |
| Chemical subscript | A number written slightly below into the right of a chemical symbol in a formula, indicating the number of atoms that that element has |
| Coefficient | A Number place in front of a chemical formula in an equation to indicate the number of molecules |
| Chemical formula | A representation of a substance using symbols for its elements and numbers to show how many of each element is present |
| an ionic bond forms when | Cations and ions stick together |
| Ionic bonds, always form between | Metals and nonmetals |
| Which type of element loses electrons during ionic bonding | Metals |
| Which type of element gains electrons during ionic bonding | Nonmetals |
| Why do the ions stick together in ionic compounds? | Because they are opposite charged, which causes them to stick together |
| Positively charged atoms are | Cations |
| Negatively charged atoms are | Anions |
| Mixture | A combination of two or more substances where each keeps its own properties |
| Pure substance | A material with the same composition and properties throughout |
| Heterogeneous mixture | A mixture where the components are not uniformly distributed throughout one example is pizza |
| Homogeneous mixture | A mixture where the components are uniformly distributed same throughout what an example is coffee |
| Phase change | A change of matter from one state to another, such as a solid to a liquid or a liquid to a gas |
| Physical property | A characteristic of a substance that can be observed without changing its identity |
| Physical change | A change in a substance that does not alter its chemical composition |
| Chemical property | A characteristic of a substance that describes its ability to undergo a chemical change |
| Chemical change | A change that results in the formation of a new chemical substance |
| Density | A mass per unit volume of a substance. The equation to density is mass divided by volume. |
| Solubility | The ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance |
| Boiling point | The temperature at which a liquid turns into a gas |
| Melting point | The temperature at which is solid, turns into a liquid |
| Flammability | The ability of a substance to catch on fire or burn |
| States of matter from lowest energy state to highest energy state | Solid ,liquid, gas ,plasma |
| The two states of matter that has fixed the volume | Solid and liquid |
Created by:
PennyM