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Finals- Genetics
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Gene pool | alleles present in a population |
| Directional selection | Phenotypes at one end of the spectrum become favored |
| Stabilizing selection | Intermediates are favored |
| Disruptive selection | Both phenotype extremes are favored |
| Gel electrophoresis | Separated DNA chunks by size |
| Founder effect | Small group splits off from big group |
| Bottleneck | An event causes a dramatic decrease in population size |
| Continuous traits | phenotypes can be anything in a range |
| Polygenic | Varying phenotypes from the input of multiple genes |
| meristic | the phenotype is countable |
| threshold | polygenic multifactorial classified as a disease. |
| complex | results of both gene action and environmental influence |
| Additive alleles | Add color size typically dominant |
| Nonadditive alleles | don't typically add anything |
| broad sense heritability | the proportion of total phenotypic variance (observable differences) in a population that is due to total genetic variance, encompassing additive, dominance, and epistatic effects, versus environmental factors |
| narrow sense heritability | a key concept in genetics measuring the proportion of a trait's total variation (phenotypic variance) that's due only to the additive effects of genes |
| identical twins | phenotypic variance: environment variance only |
| fraternal twins | phenotypic variance: environment +1/2 genotype |
| microevolution | small scale changes within a species |
| Macroevolution | large scale changes above the species level often long term spanning millions of years. |