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Finals- Genetics

TermDefinition
Gene pool alleles present in a population
Directional selection Phenotypes at one end of the spectrum become favored
Stabilizing selection Intermediates are favored
Disruptive selection Both phenotype extremes are favored
Gel electrophoresis Separated DNA chunks by size
Founder effect Small group splits off from big group
Bottleneck An event causes a dramatic decrease in population size
Continuous traits phenotypes can be anything in a range
Polygenic Varying phenotypes from the input of multiple genes
meristic the phenotype is countable
threshold polygenic multifactorial classified as a disease.
complex results of both gene action and environmental influence
Additive alleles Add color size typically dominant
Nonadditive alleles don't typically add anything
broad sense heritability the proportion of total phenotypic variance (observable differences) in a population that is due to total genetic variance, encompassing additive, dominance, and epistatic effects, versus environmental factors
narrow sense heritability a key concept in genetics measuring the proportion of a trait's total variation (phenotypic variance) that's due only to the additive effects of genes
identical twins phenotypic variance: environment variance only
fraternal twins phenotypic variance: environment +1/2 genotype
microevolution small scale changes within a species
Macroevolution large scale changes above the species level often long term spanning millions of years.
 

 



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