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vocab

TermDefinition
A-sexual reproduction Process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.
Sexual reproduction Type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism
chromosomes Threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information; in eukaryotes found in the nucleus and in prokaryotes found in the cytoplasm.
mitosis Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
meiosis Process in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
haploid Term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of genes.
diploid Term used to refer to a cell that contains two sets of homologous chromosomes.
Genetic Diversity or Genetic Variation Sum total of all the different forms of genetic information carried by a particular species or by all organisms on Earth
crossing over Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
mutations Changes in the genetic material of a cell
fertilization Process in sexual reproduction in which male and female reproductive cells join to form a new cell.
Somatic cells or body cells Any cells in an organism that are not either a sperm cell or egg cell
gametes or sex cells Sperm or egg cells that transfer genetic material to offspring during meiosis
Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) Genetic material that organisms inherit from their parent.
genes Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait; factor that is transferred from a parent to offspring.
zygote fertilized egg
prophase First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible.
metaphase Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.
anaphase Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell
telophase Phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.
cytokinesis Division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells.
interphase Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
apoptosis Process of programmed cell death
Created by: user-2003223
 



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