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Avery Prey ESS 3.1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Water | a colorless, transparent, odorless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, rivers, and rain and is the basis of the fluids of living organisms. |
| Capillary Action | when a liquid, like water, moves up or through narrow spaces (like tiny tubes or pores) without help from gravity, driven by forces like adhesion (liquid sticking to the tube) and cohesion |
| Conhension | the sticking together of particles of the same substance. |
| Adhesion | the natural tendency of different substances or surfaces to stick together, |
| Property | The scientific study of properties is characteristic like color, smell, density, conductivity, strength, that define substances |
| Polarity | the relative orientation of poles; the direction of a magnetic or electric field. |
| Transfer | the movement or conversion of energy from one object, system, or form to another, following the Law of Conservation of Energy |
| Energy | Energy is a fundamental physical quantity, a conserved property of matter that represents the capacity to do work or cause change. Kinetic, potential, thermal, chemical |
| Atmosphere | the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet. |
| Hydrosphere | the total amount of water on a planet, encompassing all liquid, frozen (ice), and gaseous (vapor) water found on, under, and above the Earth's surface, including oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater, glaciers, and atmospheric moisture |
| Climate | the long-term average of weather patterns, including temperature, precipitation, and wind, in a specific region, typically calculated over 30 years or more |
| Convection | the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases) where warmer, less dense parts rise and cooler, denser parts sink, creating a continuous circulation (convection current) that distributes thermal energy |
| Freeze | of a liquid) be turned into ice or another solid as a result of extreme cold. |
| Dissolve | to break down or disappear into a liquid, forming a solution ( |
| Specific heat capacity | the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of a unit of mass of a substance by one degree Celsius (or Kelvin) |
| Solid | firm and stable in shape; not liquid or fluid. |
| Liquid | A liquid is a state of matter with a definite volume but no fixed shape, meaning it flows and takes the shape of its container |
| Gas | A gas is a state of matter with no fixed shape or volume, expanding to fill its container, characterized by widely spaced, freely moving particles |
| Solute | the minor component in a solution, dissolved in the solvent. |
| Solvent | a substance that dissolves a solute, resulting in a solution |
| Solution | a mixture where one substance (like sugar) dissolves completely into another (like water) to form a single, uniform substance, |
| Surface tension | the tension of the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer by the bulk of the liquid, which tends to minimize surface area. |
| Water Cycle | Earth's continuous process of recycling water, moving it between oceans, land, and atmosphere as liquid, vapor (gas), and ice (solid) through stages like evaporation (liquid to vapor), condensation (vapor to clouds), and precipitation |
| Kelvin scale | the scientific standard, absolute temperature scale where 0 K is absolute zero (lowest possible energy), making negative temperatures impossible, and its degree size matches Celsius |
| Absolute scale | a measurement system with a true, universal zero point (like absolute zero for temperature) and equal intervals, providing precise, objective values |
| Universal solvent | a substance capable of dissolving more substances than any other liquid |
| Homogenous solution | a mixture where components are evenly distributed, resulting in a uniform composition and appearance throughout |
| Heterogeneous solution | a combination of two or more substances where the components remain physically separate, have visibly distinct parts, and a non-uniform composition that isn't evenly distributed |
| Examples of heterogeneous solution | a combination of two or more substances where the components remain physically separate, have visibly distinct parts, and a non-uniform composition that isn't evenly distributed |
| Examples of homogeneous solution | saltwater, vinegar, air, steel (an alloy), and a cup of perfectly mixed coffee or sugar water, |
| Examples of cohesion | saltwater, vinegar, air, steel (an alloy), and a cup of perfectly mixed coffee or sugar water, |
| Examples of adhesion | water sticking to glass (meniscus), paint sticking to walls, glue bonding paper, and capillary action moving water up plant stems |
| Example of Surface tenson | water striders walking on ponds, spherical raindrops, floating needles, soap bubbles, and the "tears of wine" effect |
| Example capillary action | paper towels soaking up spills, plants drawing water from roots to leaves, ink rising in a fountain pen, and tears draining from eyes |
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user-1996999