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Accounting Concepts
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Indemnity | Amount paid to the insured or claimant as compensation for a covered loss. |
| DEF (Defense Costs) | Legal costs paid to defend the insured in a claim or lawsuit. |
| Expenses | It’s a broad term that generally refers to the total costs associated with adjusting and handling claims. |
| ALAE (Allocated Loss Adjustment Expenses) | Specific expenses related to handling a particular claim. This includes adjuster’s fees, surveillance costs, independent adjusters, legal expenses related to a specific claim, and expert evaluations. |
| ULAE (Unallocated Loss Adjustment Expenses) | General expenses related to handling claims. These are overhead or administrative costs related to all claims, not just one. |
| Recoveries | Funds recovered from third parties or other sources after a claim has been paid. Recoveries may include subrogation, salvage, or amounts collected from reinsurance. |
| Deductible | It’s the specified amount that the insured must pay out of pocket before the insurer begins to pay on a covered claim. |
| Salvage | The remaining value of damaged property after a loss that the insurer can sell to recoup part of the claim payout. |
| Retention | Broad term that refers to the amount of loss the insured agrees to pay before insurance kicks in. It can refer to a deductible, an SIR, or a layer of risk in a large insurance program. |
| SIR (Self-Insured Retention) | Form of retention where the insured is responsible for paying and managing claims up to a specified dollar amount before the insurer responds. |
| Outstanding | The total amount of reserves set aside for a claim that has not yet been paid. This includes estimated future indemnity, defense costs, and expenses. |
| Subrogation | The legal insurer's right to pursue a third party responsible for a loss after the insurer has paid the claim. This allows the insurer to recover part or all the claim amount from the at-fault party. |