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Public Hlth pt3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the impact of work on health? | Work significally affects health because most adults spend a large portion of their walking hours working. |
| How can work enhance health? | Work can enhance health by providing income, benefits (health insurance retirement), identity meaning and creative expression. |
| How can work damage health? | Work can damage health through exposure to physical hazards, extreme temperatures, workplace violence, and moral injury. Losing a job can also damage health. |
| How do jobs affect health behaviors? | Jobs can limit or facilitate health behaviors (e.g., low job control is linked to racial disparites in breastfeeding). |
| What are the health effects of shift work and long working hours? | Shift work and long working hours (especially over 48 or 55 hours/week) are associated with adverse health outcomes like fatigue, accidenst, increased CVD risk, and higher stroke incidence. |
| What is the effect of job strain plus long hours? | Job strain plus long hours is linked to increased risk of suicidal ideation. |
| What is Work-Family Conflict and its effects? | Work-Family Conflict (when work and family roles conflict due to time or strain) leads to worse self-repoeted health, mental health, and CVD problems for the worker, and affectc the family and community. |
| What does the Job Demands/Control Model (Karasek) focus on? | Focuses on the interplay between psychological demands and decision latitude (control). |
| What combination creates high job strain? | High job strain results from high psychological demands combined with low decision latitude (control). |
| What are examples of high strain jobs and their consequences? | High strain jobs (e.g., waiters, assembler) are associated with stress, leading to cardiovacsualr diseas (CVD) damage and heart attacks. |
| What additional risk is linked to job strain plus long hours? | Job strain plus long hours is linked to increased risk of suicidal ideation. |
| What is the Effort-Reward Imbalance (Siegrist) model? | Work is a reciprocal exchange; stress occurs under high cost/low-gain conditions. |
| What is exchanged in the Effort-Reward model? | The worker gives effort (intrinsic/extrinsic) in exchange for rewards (wage, status, job security). |
| What health issue is effort–reward imbalance associated with? | Imbalance is associated with increased risk of CVD. |
| What does effort–reward imbalance allow for? | Allows for more subjectivity: workers get to determine their own priorities for rewards. |
| What is occupational segregation? | Working conditions are not distrubuted equally based on race/ethnicity, gender, and education. Ceratin groups will be more exposed to workplace hazards/stress. |
| How does discrimination affect work and health? | Discrimination influences job opportunities and can make the workplace more hazardous for certain groups, even within the same occupation. |
| What is the Hierarchy of Controls? | Most effective to eliminate the hazard completely. |
| What agencies protect workers? | OSHA and NIOSH. |
| What workplace interventions can improve health? | Labor unions, companies can implement changes to work organization (e.g., “results only work environment”). |
| According to the Job Demnads/Control Model, which combination leads to strain? | B) high psychological demands/low decision latitude. |
| What are structural interventions? | Structural Interventions: promote health by altering the structural context within which health is produced. |
| Where do structural interventions locate the cause of public health problems? | In contextual or environmental factors that influence risk behavior, rather than characteristics of individuals. |
| What do structural interventions attempt to change? | Attempt to change social, economic, political, or physical environments |
| How do structural interventions view individual agency? | They view individual agency as constrained or shaped by structure |
| What features allow structural interventions to address multiple health problems? | Can address multiple health problems simultaneoulsy. |
| Are structural interventions always directly related to health? | Many not be direclty related to health. |
| What type of changes do structural interventions often require? | Often require major changes in law, policy, procedure, or complex social processes. |
| What are individual interventions? | Informing people to influence their choices; emphasizes individual autonomy. |
| Example of an individual intervention? | Informing people about the consequences of consuming fatty foods to prevent heart disease. |
| What is a structural intervention? | Addressing the cause or the environment to make healthy chocies easier. |
| Example of a structural intervention? | Subsidizing the cost of healthy foods or taxing unhealthy foods; removing fat from fast foods. |
| What was the objective of Moving to Opportunity (MTO)? | Provide poor families living in high-poverty public/assisted housing the opprotunityto move to low-poverty neighborhoods. |
| What made MTO a structural intervention? | Addressed the public health issue of geographically concentrated neighborhood poverty, rather than a single health risk factor. Required major collaboration wiht local housing authorities. |
| What were the neighborhood outcomes of MTO? | The Experimental (low-poverty Voucher) group experiences the biggest changes in neighborhood poverty level. |
| What improvements did the Experimental and Section 8 groups report? | Both groups reported significant improvements in feeling safe, neighborhood quality, and reduced crime victimizatio. |
| What health outcomes did the Experimental group show? | Lower psychological distress and diabetes. |
Created by:
tbb09