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Bio test

QuestionAnswer
What is the central dogma For every living thing, DNA codes to mRNA which codes for proteins.
How can the Central dogma explain how GFP can be put into another organism to make it glow? Because the way genes are made into proteins is true for ALL life on earth, the GFP gene can be used to make a glowing protein for ANY organism
Monomer: Amino acid Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Polypeptide 0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0-0
Polymer: Protein /-0-0-0-0-0-0 0-0-0-/-0-0-0-0 /-0-0-0-0-0-0
True or false: Changing the shape of a protein could cause it to not work properly? True
Characteristics of DNA -Sugar=Deoxynibose-Double strand-long - Tbase -Staus in nucleus-Sugar phosphate backbone-4 letter "code"-A,C,G bases
Characteristics of mRNA Sugar=Ribose-single strand-Short-U base- In nucleus or cytoplasm-Sugar phosphate backbone-4 letter "code"-A,C,G bases
Step 1 of the 5 concise steps mRNA "copies" a gene from DNA in the nucleus using complementary bases.
Step 2 of the 5 concise steps mRNA leaves the nucleus.
Step 3 of the 5 concise steps mRNA attaches to a ribosome.
Step 4 of the 5 concise steps tRNA bring the amino acid that matches the mRNA's codon, 3 letters at a time.
Step 5 of the 5 concise steps The polypeptide strand of amino acids fold into a protein.
Characteristics of Transcription Happens in nucleus-DNA --> mRNA-Makes a copy of GENE- happens in a cell- uses mRNA-A,C,G nucleotides
Characteristics of Translation happens in cytoplasm-mRna--> amino acids-ribosomes tRNA- makes a protein-happens in a cell- uses mRNA-A,C,G nucleotides
What is a mutation? A "typo" or error in the DNA code / pattern of nucleotide sequence.
How and where can a mutation happen in a cell. A mutation can happen during DNA replication in the nucleus, when a nucleotide A,T,C, or G is subsititued, inserted, or deleted.
What is an enzyme? A protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body by lowering activation energy.
What is the role of an enzyme in the body, and why does the shape of an enzyme matter? An enzyme makes processes go faster, the shape only works with certain molecules.
How is an enzyme like a lock and key? An enzyme has to fit together in the perfect shape to match the substrate. This is like how alock only works with a specifically shaped key.
How is Activation energy related to enzymes Enzymes can lower / decrease the amount of energy needed for chemical reactions.
How is pH related to enzymes If an environment isn't "Just right," the protein enzyme will denature (change shape)
How is temperature related to enzymes If the enviornment is too hot, the enzyme will denature (change shape)
What could happen if an enzyme is denatured? The enzyme could change shape, not "fit" with its substrate, and NOT speed up the chemical reaction.
Created by: asamcguckin
 

 



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